İNGİLİZ SÖZLEŞMELER HUKUKUNDA “TİCARİ SAĞDUYU”

Öz

Ticari sözleşmelerin hangi ilkeler ışığında yorumlanması gerektiği İngiliz sözleşmeler hukukunda uzun zamandır devam eden bir tartışma konusudur. Son yıllarda sözleşmelerin yorumlanmasında sözleşmede kullanılan dile atfedilen sarsılmaz bağlılık yerini ticari açıdan mantıklı sonuç doğuracak yapının tercih edilmesi anlamına gelen ticari sağduyuya bırakmıştır. Çünkü sözleşmelerde kullanılan ifadeler, makul bir ticari kişinin (basiretli bir iş adamının) onları yorumlayacağı şekilde yorumlanır. Makul bir ticari kişinin beklentisi ise sözleşmenin başka anlamlar çağrıştırmaması adına teknik yorumlara ve dilin inceliklerine aşırı vurgu yapılmaması olacaktır. Çalışmanın konusu, basiretli bir iş adamının bakış açısıyla sözleşmenin gerçek anlamı ve amacını ortaya koymaya rehberlik eden ticari sağduyunun İngiliz ticaret hukukunda nasıl şekillendiğinin ve bu yaklaşımı destekleyen/eleştiren hukuki argümanların incelenmesidir. Bu çalışmada sözleşme yorumunda ticari sağduyuya verilen önemin çeşitli zaman dilimlerinde değişiklik gösterdiği Investors Compensation Scheme (ICS) Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society, Arnold v Britton ve Wood v Capita gibi önemli referans kararlar üzerinden tartışılmakta ve bundan sonrasında verilebilecek kararlardaki muhtemel yaklaşımlar değerlendirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ticari Sağduyu
• Basiretli Bir İş Adamı Gibi Hareket Etme Yükümlülüğü
• Ticari Sözleşmeler
• İngiliz Sözleşmeler Hukuku
• Sözleşme Yorumu

“Commercial Common Sense” under English Contract Law

Öz

The principles on how commercial contracts should be interpreted have long been a subject of debate in English contract law. In recent years, the concept of “commercial (business) common sense” has emerged as an interpretation tool that balances the unwavering adherence to the language used in the contract has been replaced by commercial prudence, which means the preference for the commercially sensible construction in the interpretation of contracts. Since the wording is interpreted as a reasonable commercial person (a prudent businessperson) would interpret them, and this person does not want an overemphasis on technical interpretations and subtleties of language. This paper examines how commercial prudence, which guides the discovery of the true meaning and purpose of the contract from the perspective of a prudent businessman, is applied in English commercial law and the legal debates that this approach brings. In this study, the importance given to commercial common sense in contract interpretation has changed in various time periods, and the possible approaches in future decisions are discussed through important reference decisions, such as Investors Compensation Scheme (ICS) Ltd v West Bromwich Building Society, Arnold v Britton and Wood v Capita.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Commercial common sense
• Duty to Act as a Prudent Businessman
• Commercial Contracts
• English Contract law
• Contract Interpretation

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