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ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 65, 1 - 34, 20.01.2026

Olgun Değirmenci , İrem Şevval Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1864116

Öz

Çevrenin uluslararası alanda korunması gerekliliği herkes tarafından kabul edilmekle birlikte, öğretide; bu amaç doğrultusunda oluşturulan hukuk normlarının çevreyi etkili bir şekilde koruyamadığı ve artık “çevrekırım (ecocide)” adı altında yeni bir uluslararası suçun varlık kazanması gerektiği görüşü gün geçtikçe daha fazla desteklenmektedir. Söz konusu görüşün sadece akademisyenler tarafından değil, aynı zamanda politikacılar tarafından da desteklenmesi ve 2021 yılında uzman hukukçular tarafından Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM)’ne çevrekırımın uluslararası suç olarak kabul edilmesine ilişkin bir öneri sunulmasının ardından söz konusu teklifin 2024 yılında UCM’ye belirli taraf devletlerce resmi bir şekilde sunulması ile çevrekırımın UCM’nin gündeminde yer alması, çevrekırıma uluslararası bir suç olma yolunda ciddi bir boyut kazandırmaktadır. Ancak öğretide, çevrekırımın uluslararası ceza hukuku açısından suç olarak kabul edilemeyeceğine ilişkin görüşler benimsenmeye devam etmekle birlikte çevrekırım suçunun var olması halinde suçun özelliklerine ilişkin önemli görüş ayrılıkları bulunmaktadır. Çalışmamızda çevrekırımın uluslararası bir suç olarak kabul edilmesine yönelik söz konusu görüşler uluslararası ceza hukuku bağlamında açıklanmış ve bu alanda öğretinin bir özeti sunulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevre çevrekırım Roma statüsü uluslararası ceza hukuku Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi uluslararası suç

Etik Beyan

Bu makale Etik Kurul iznine tabi değildir

Kaynakça

  • Aksar Y, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II (8. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi 2025)
  • Bassiouni M C, International Criminal Law Volume I: Sources, Subjects and Contents (3. Baskı, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2008)
  • Boyle A, ‘Soft Law’ in Rajamani L ve Peel J (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2021) 420–435
  • Bustami A ve Marie-Christine H, ‘Perspectives for a New International Crime against the Environment: International Criminal Responsibility for Environmental Degradation under the Rome Statute’ (2021) 11(1) Goettingen Journal of International Law 145–190
  • Cusato E T, ‘Beyond Symbolism: Problems and Prospects with Prosecuting Environmental Destruction before the ICC’ (2017) 15(3) Journal of International Criminal Justice 491–507
  • Cusato E, ‘From Ecocide to Voluntary Remediation Projects: Legal Responses to Environmental Warfare in Vietnam and the Spectre of Colonialism’ (2018) 19(2) Melbourne Journal of International Law 494–520
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Komuta Sorumluluğu’ (2008) 3(8) Ceza Hukuku Dergisi 57–103
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Amirin Emrini İfa Sorumluluğu’ (2012) 10(120) Legal Hukuk Dergisi 57–96
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Çeşitli Görünümleriyle Uluslararası Suç Kavramı: Dar ve Geniş Anlamda Uluslararası Suçlar ve Türk Hukuku = (International Crimes With The Different Aspects: International Crimes Largo Sensu And Stricto Sensu And Turkish Law)’ (2013) 71(1) Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 229–266
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Ceza Hukukunda Yanılma Kavramı ve Hukuka Uygunluk Nedenlerinde Yanılma’ (2014) 26(110) Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi 129–188
  • Değirmenci O – Maviş A., Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Saldırı Suçu, (Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2016)
  • Demirtaş S, Tehlike Suçları (Adalet Yayınevi 2023)
  • Doğru H E, ‘Modern Çevre Kuramları’, in Beklan Çetin O (ed), Çevre Sosyolojisi (T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 4026 2020)
  • Drumbl M A, ‘International Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law and Environmental Security: Can the International Criminal Court Bridge the Gaps?’ (2000) 6(2) ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 305–342
  • Dursun Özdemir G, ‘Ekokırım Suçu ve Bazı Değerlendirmeler’ (2023) 18(203) Terazi Hukuk Dergisi 74–83
  • Dülger M V, Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler (Seçkin Yayınları 2021)
  • Eren F, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (25. Baskı, Yetkin Yayınları 2020)
  • Falk R A, ‘Environmental Warfare and Ecocide-Facts, Appraisal and Proposals’ (1973) 4(1) Bulletin of Peace Proposals 80–96
  • Ferris K, ‘The World’s Big Tech Threat that is not Being Taken Seriously: Ecocide and the Inadequacies of International Environmental Law’ (2022) 21(2) Journal of International Business and Law 261–[vi]
  • Gray M A, ‘The International Crime of Ecocide’ (1996) 26(2) California Western International Law Journal 215–272
  • Greene A, ‘The Campaign to Make Ecocide an International Crime: Quixotic Quest or Moral Imperative’ (2019) 30(3) Fordham Environmental Law Review 1–48
  • Güneş A, Çevre Hukuku (Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 6. Baskı, Adalet Yayınevi 2024)
  • Harrison J, ‘Significant International Environmental Law Developments: 2022-2023’ (2023) 35(3) Journal of Environmental Law 467–479
  • Higgins P, Eradicating Ecocide: Laws and Governance to Prevent the Destruction of Our Planet (2. Baskı, Shepheard-Walwyn 2016)
  • Jain A ve Charu S, ‘Ecocide: A New International Crime’ (2021- 2022) 2(2) Jus Corpus Law Journal 627–634
  • Jenkin A, ‘The Case for an International Crime of Ecocide’ (2022) 26 New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law 221–244
  • Kausar T, ‘International Environmental Crime: Concept, Scope and Possibility’ 2001(1) Pakistan Law Review 104–137
  • Koenning-Rutherford A, ‘Dishonoring the Earth: Ecocide as Prosecutable Genocide against Indigenous People’ (2023) 111(6) Georgetown Law Journal 1495–1531
  • Köybaşı S, ‘Ekokırım Suçunun Tanınması’ (2022) 17(210) Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1047–1085
  • Lay B, Neyret L, Short D, Urs B, Michael O J ve Antonio A, ‘Timely and Necessary: Ecocide Law as Urgent and Emerging’ (2015) 28 Journal Jurisprudence 431–452
  • Megret F, ‘The Problem of an International Criminal Law of the Environment’ (2011) 36(2) Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 195–258
  • Meraklı S, Ceza Hukukunda Kusur (Güncellenmiş ve Gözden Geçirilmiş 3. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınları 2024)
  • Minha D, ‘The Possibility of Prosecuting Corporations for Climate Crimes before the International Criminal Court: All Roads Lead to the Rome Statute?’ (2020) 41(3) Michigan Journal of International Law 491–540
  • Mwanza R, ‘Enhancing Accountability for Environmental Damage under International Law: Ecocide as a Legal Fulfilment of Ecological Integrity’ (2018) 19(2) Melbourne Journal of International Law 586–613
  • Mwanza R, ‘The Right to a Healthy Environment as a Catalyst for the Codification of the Crime of Ecocide’ (2023) 117 AJIL Unbound 189–193
  • Nandita, ‘Ecocide as an International Crime: Bold Reform or Empty Rhetoric’ (2022) 2(4) Jus Corpus Law Journal 416–423
  • Obilor, E W ve Oraegbunam Ikenga K E, ‘International Environmental Crimes: Examining the Ontology, Typology and Ecology’ (2020) 2(3) International Journal of Comparative Law and Legal Philosophy 140–148
  • Önok M, Tarihi Perspektifiyle Uluslararası Ceza Divanı (Turhan Kitabevi 2003)
  • Önok R M, Uluslararası Ceza Divanı’nı Kuran Roma Statüsü ile Türk Ulusal Mevzuatının Maddi Ceza Hukuku Kuralları Yönünden Uyumuna Dair Rapor (Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Komisyonu)
  • Palarczyk D, ‘Ecocide Before the International Criminal Court: Simplicity is Better Than an Elaborate Embellishment’ (2023) 34 Crim Law Forum 147–207
  • Pisimisi K, ‘Criminalizing Environmental Degradation and Devastation: New Prospects for the ICC Rome Statute’ (2023) 38(2) American University International Law Review 419–458
  • Rauter T, Judicial Practice, Customary International Criminal Law and Nullum Crimen Sine Lege (Springer 2017)
  • Robinson D, ‘Ecocide- Puzzles and Possibilities’ (2022) 20(2) Journal of International Criminal Justice 313–347
  • Schwegler V, ‘The Disposable Nature: The Case of Ecocide and Corporate Accountability’ (2017) 9(3) Amsterdam Law Forum 71–99
  • Short D ve Crook M, The Genocide-Ecocide Nexus (Routledge 2022)
  • Singh Yadav D, ‘Ecocide: The Missing Convention’ (2022) 5(3) International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 445–458
  • Soares P P, ‘Transitional justice in the DRC The 2014 Amnesty Law and the Principle of Complementarity – Quid Juris?’ in Triestino M (ed), The International Criminal Court in Search of its Purpose and Identity (Routledge 2015) 174–189
  • Studer T, ‘Environmental accountability: a case for international conciliation?’ (2023) 14(3) Journal of International Dispute Settlement 350–374
  • Şafak E ve Tabur Y, ‘Küresel İklim Krizi ile Mücadelede Uluslararası Hukukun Rolü ve Ekokırım Suçu’ (2023) 13(1) Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 83–114
  • Taşkın O E, ‘Son Çare (Ultima Ratio) Olarak Ceza Hukuku’ (2016) 15(1) Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 59–91
  • Teclaff L A, ‘Beyond Restoration- The Case of Ecocide’ (1994) 34(4) Natural Resources Journal 933–956
  • Tezcan D, Erdem M Ruhan ve ÖNOK R M, Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku (6. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınları 2021)
  • Triffterer O ve Ambos K (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (3. Baskı, C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos 2016)
  • White R ve Kramer R C, ‘Critical Criminology and the Struggle against Climate Change Ecocide’ (2015) 23(4) Critical Criminology 383–400
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • ‘Annex A: Public Redacted Version of Prosecution’s Application Under Article 58 Filed on 14 July 2008’ ICC-02/05-157-Anxa <https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RelatedRecords/CR2008_04753.PDF>
  • ‘Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide Commentary and Core Text’ (June 2021) <https://www.stopecocide.earth/legaldefinition#>
  • Kersting N, ‘On Symbolism and Beyond: Defining Ecocide’ (2021) Vo¨lkerrechtsblog <https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/on-symbolism-and-be yond/>
  • Mendoza, P. Fajardo E. Toledo & Office of the Prosecutor ICC, Situation in Ecuador, Request with Mrs. Fatou Bensouda Prosecutor <https://chevroninecuador.org/assets/docs/2014-icc-complaint.pdf>
  • ‘Office of The Prosecutor Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritisation, International Criminal Court’ (September 2016) <https://www.icc cpi.int/sites/default/files/itemsDocuments/20160915_OTP-Policy_Case-Selection_Eng.pdf>
  • ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Forty-Third Session’ UN Doc. A/ CN.4/SER.A/1991/Add.1 (Part 2) (1991) <https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789213621660c007/read>
  • <https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties>
  • <https://www.ecolex.org/result/?q=&type=decision&type=literature&xdate_min=&xdate_max=&dec_status=active&dec_status=adopted>
  • <https://www.icc-cpi.int/situations/ukraine>
  • <https://www.icc-cpi.int/palestine>
  • <https://www.icj-cij.org/chambers-and-committees>
  • <https://www.ipsnews.net/2011/06/icc-urged-to-accept-ecocide-as-an-international-crime/>
  • <https://ecocidelaw.com/selected-previous-drafts/>
  • <https://ecocidelaw.com/european-law-institute-project/>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/notable-supporters>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/2024/drc-joins-pacific-island-nations-in-call-for-an-international-crime-of-ecocide>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/bn-2025/council-of-europe-assembly-advances-historic-ecocide-treaty>
  • <https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment>
  • <https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pollution>

Ecocide as an Emerging International Crime: An Analysis of Arguments in Favor and Against

Yıl 2026, Sayı: 65, 1 - 34, 20.01.2026

Olgun Değirmenci , İrem Şevval Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1864116

Öz

While the necessity of environmental protection at the international level is widely acknowledged, scholarly discussions increasingly emphasize that existing legal norms have failed to provide effective protection, and there is a growing argument that environmental destruction should be recognized as a new international crime under the term “ecocide”. The support for this view not only by academics but also by politicians, along with the submission of a proposal by expert jurists to the International Criminal Court (ICC) in 2021 and its official submission by certain State Parties in 2024, has brought the issue of ecocide onto the ICC’s agenda and marks a significant step toward its recognition as an international crime. While scholarly arguments opposing the classification of ecocide as a crime under international criminal law persist, even among proponents of its criminalization, considerable divergence remains regarding the definitional elements and scope of the crime. This study aims to examine these differing perspectives on the recognition of ecocide as an international crime within the framework of international criminal law and to provide an overview of the relevant academic discourse.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environment ecocide Rome statute international criminal law International Criminal Court international crime

Etik Beyan

This article is not subject to Ethics Committee permission.

Kaynakça

  • Aksar Y, Teoride ve Uygulamada Uluslararası Hukuk II (8. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınevi 2025)
  • Bassiouni M C, International Criminal Law Volume I: Sources, Subjects and Contents (3. Baskı, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers 2008)
  • Boyle A, ‘Soft Law’ in Rajamani L ve Peel J (eds), The Oxford Handbook of International Environmental Law (2nd edn, Oxford University Press 2021) 420–435
  • Bustami A ve Marie-Christine H, ‘Perspectives for a New International Crime against the Environment: International Criminal Responsibility for Environmental Degradation under the Rome Statute’ (2021) 11(1) Goettingen Journal of International Law 145–190
  • Cusato E T, ‘Beyond Symbolism: Problems and Prospects with Prosecuting Environmental Destruction before the ICC’ (2017) 15(3) Journal of International Criminal Justice 491–507
  • Cusato E, ‘From Ecocide to Voluntary Remediation Projects: Legal Responses to Environmental Warfare in Vietnam and the Spectre of Colonialism’ (2018) 19(2) Melbourne Journal of International Law 494–520
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Komuta Sorumluluğu’ (2008) 3(8) Ceza Hukuku Dergisi 57–103
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Amirin Emrini İfa Sorumluluğu’ (2012) 10(120) Legal Hukuk Dergisi 57–96
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Çeşitli Görünümleriyle Uluslararası Suç Kavramı: Dar ve Geniş Anlamda Uluslararası Suçlar ve Türk Hukuku = (International Crimes With The Different Aspects: International Crimes Largo Sensu And Stricto Sensu And Turkish Law)’ (2013) 71(1) Journal of Istanbul University Law Faculty 229–266
  • Değirmenci O, ‘Ceza Hukukunda Yanılma Kavramı ve Hukuka Uygunluk Nedenlerinde Yanılma’ (2014) 26(110) Türkiye Barolar Birliği Dergisi 129–188
  • Değirmenci O – Maviş A., Uluslararası Ceza Hukukunda Saldırı Suçu, (Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara 2016)
  • Demirtaş S, Tehlike Suçları (Adalet Yayınevi 2023)
  • Doğru H E, ‘Modern Çevre Kuramları’, in Beklan Çetin O (ed), Çevre Sosyolojisi (T.C. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayını No: 4026 2020)
  • Drumbl M A, ‘International Human Rights, International Humanitarian Law and Environmental Security: Can the International Criminal Court Bridge the Gaps?’ (2000) 6(2) ILSA Journal of International & Comparative Law 305–342
  • Dursun Özdemir G, ‘Ekokırım Suçu ve Bazı Değerlendirmeler’ (2023) 18(203) Terazi Hukuk Dergisi 74–83
  • Dülger M V, Ceza Hukuku Genel Hükümler (Seçkin Yayınları 2021)
  • Eren F, Borçlar Hukuku Genel Hükümler (25. Baskı, Yetkin Yayınları 2020)
  • Falk R A, ‘Environmental Warfare and Ecocide-Facts, Appraisal and Proposals’ (1973) 4(1) Bulletin of Peace Proposals 80–96
  • Ferris K, ‘The World’s Big Tech Threat that is not Being Taken Seriously: Ecocide and the Inadequacies of International Environmental Law’ (2022) 21(2) Journal of International Business and Law 261–[vi]
  • Gray M A, ‘The International Crime of Ecocide’ (1996) 26(2) California Western International Law Journal 215–272
  • Greene A, ‘The Campaign to Make Ecocide an International Crime: Quixotic Quest or Moral Imperative’ (2019) 30(3) Fordham Environmental Law Review 1–48
  • Güneş A, Çevre Hukuku (Gözden Geçirilmiş ve Güncellenmiş 6. Baskı, Adalet Yayınevi 2024)
  • Harrison J, ‘Significant International Environmental Law Developments: 2022-2023’ (2023) 35(3) Journal of Environmental Law 467–479
  • Higgins P, Eradicating Ecocide: Laws and Governance to Prevent the Destruction of Our Planet (2. Baskı, Shepheard-Walwyn 2016)
  • Jain A ve Charu S, ‘Ecocide: A New International Crime’ (2021- 2022) 2(2) Jus Corpus Law Journal 627–634
  • Jenkin A, ‘The Case for an International Crime of Ecocide’ (2022) 26 New Zealand Journal of Environmental Law 221–244
  • Kausar T, ‘International Environmental Crime: Concept, Scope and Possibility’ 2001(1) Pakistan Law Review 104–137
  • Koenning-Rutherford A, ‘Dishonoring the Earth: Ecocide as Prosecutable Genocide against Indigenous People’ (2023) 111(6) Georgetown Law Journal 1495–1531
  • Köybaşı S, ‘Ekokırım Suçunun Tanınması’ (2022) 17(210) Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 1047–1085
  • Lay B, Neyret L, Short D, Urs B, Michael O J ve Antonio A, ‘Timely and Necessary: Ecocide Law as Urgent and Emerging’ (2015) 28 Journal Jurisprudence 431–452
  • Megret F, ‘The Problem of an International Criminal Law of the Environment’ (2011) 36(2) Columbia Journal of Environmental Law 195–258
  • Meraklı S, Ceza Hukukunda Kusur (Güncellenmiş ve Gözden Geçirilmiş 3. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınları 2024)
  • Minha D, ‘The Possibility of Prosecuting Corporations for Climate Crimes before the International Criminal Court: All Roads Lead to the Rome Statute?’ (2020) 41(3) Michigan Journal of International Law 491–540
  • Mwanza R, ‘Enhancing Accountability for Environmental Damage under International Law: Ecocide as a Legal Fulfilment of Ecological Integrity’ (2018) 19(2) Melbourne Journal of International Law 586–613
  • Mwanza R, ‘The Right to a Healthy Environment as a Catalyst for the Codification of the Crime of Ecocide’ (2023) 117 AJIL Unbound 189–193
  • Nandita, ‘Ecocide as an International Crime: Bold Reform or Empty Rhetoric’ (2022) 2(4) Jus Corpus Law Journal 416–423
  • Obilor, E W ve Oraegbunam Ikenga K E, ‘International Environmental Crimes: Examining the Ontology, Typology and Ecology’ (2020) 2(3) International Journal of Comparative Law and Legal Philosophy 140–148
  • Önok M, Tarihi Perspektifiyle Uluslararası Ceza Divanı (Turhan Kitabevi 2003)
  • Önok R M, Uluslararası Ceza Divanı’nı Kuran Roma Statüsü ile Türk Ulusal Mevzuatının Maddi Ceza Hukuku Kuralları Yönünden Uyumuna Dair Rapor (Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi Komisyonu)
  • Palarczyk D, ‘Ecocide Before the International Criminal Court: Simplicity is Better Than an Elaborate Embellishment’ (2023) 34 Crim Law Forum 147–207
  • Pisimisi K, ‘Criminalizing Environmental Degradation and Devastation: New Prospects for the ICC Rome Statute’ (2023) 38(2) American University International Law Review 419–458
  • Rauter T, Judicial Practice, Customary International Criminal Law and Nullum Crimen Sine Lege (Springer 2017)
  • Robinson D, ‘Ecocide- Puzzles and Possibilities’ (2022) 20(2) Journal of International Criminal Justice 313–347
  • Schwegler V, ‘The Disposable Nature: The Case of Ecocide and Corporate Accountability’ (2017) 9(3) Amsterdam Law Forum 71–99
  • Short D ve Crook M, The Genocide-Ecocide Nexus (Routledge 2022)
  • Singh Yadav D, ‘Ecocide: The Missing Convention’ (2022) 5(3) International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 445–458
  • Soares P P, ‘Transitional justice in the DRC The 2014 Amnesty Law and the Principle of Complementarity – Quid Juris?’ in Triestino M (ed), The International Criminal Court in Search of its Purpose and Identity (Routledge 2015) 174–189
  • Studer T, ‘Environmental accountability: a case for international conciliation?’ (2023) 14(3) Journal of International Dispute Settlement 350–374
  • Şafak E ve Tabur Y, ‘Küresel İklim Krizi ile Mücadelede Uluslararası Hukukun Rolü ve Ekokırım Suçu’ (2023) 13(1) Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 83–114
  • Taşkın O E, ‘Son Çare (Ultima Ratio) Olarak Ceza Hukuku’ (2016) 15(1) Maltepe Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 59–91
  • Teclaff L A, ‘Beyond Restoration- The Case of Ecocide’ (1994) 34(4) Natural Resources Journal 933–956
  • Tezcan D, Erdem M Ruhan ve ÖNOK R M, Uluslararası Ceza Hukuku (6. Baskı, Seçkin Yayınları 2021)
  • Triffterer O ve Ambos K (eds), The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Commentary (3. Baskı, C.H. Beck/Hart/Nomos 2016)
  • White R ve Kramer R C, ‘Critical Criminology and the Struggle against Climate Change Ecocide’ (2015) 23(4) Critical Criminology 383–400
  • İnternet Kaynakları
  • ‘Annex A: Public Redacted Version of Prosecution’s Application Under Article 58 Filed on 14 July 2008’ ICC-02/05-157-Anxa <https://www.icc-cpi.int/sites/default/files/RelatedRecords/CR2008_04753.PDF>
  • ‘Independent Expert Panel for the Legal Definition of Ecocide Commentary and Core Text’ (June 2021) <https://www.stopecocide.earth/legaldefinition#>
  • Kersting N, ‘On Symbolism and Beyond: Defining Ecocide’ (2021) Vo¨lkerrechtsblog <https://voelkerrechtsblog.org/on-symbolism-and-be yond/>
  • Mendoza, P. Fajardo E. Toledo & Office of the Prosecutor ICC, Situation in Ecuador, Request with Mrs. Fatou Bensouda Prosecutor <https://chevroninecuador.org/assets/docs/2014-icc-complaint.pdf>
  • ‘Office of The Prosecutor Policy Paper on Case Selection and Prioritisation, International Criminal Court’ (September 2016) <https://www.icc cpi.int/sites/default/files/itemsDocuments/20160915_OTP-Policy_Case-Selection_Eng.pdf>
  • ‘Report of the International Law Commission on the Work of its Forty-Third Session’ UN Doc. A/ CN.4/SER.A/1991/Add.1 (Part 2) (1991) <https://www.un-ilibrary.org/content/books/9789213621660c007/read>
  • <https://asp.icc-cpi.int/states-parties>
  • <https://www.ecolex.org/result/?q=&type=decision&type=literature&xdate_min=&xdate_max=&dec_status=active&dec_status=adopted>
  • <https://www.icc-cpi.int/situations/ukraine>
  • <https://www.icc-cpi.int/palestine>
  • <https://www.icj-cij.org/chambers-and-committees>
  • <https://www.ipsnews.net/2011/06/icc-urged-to-accept-ecocide-as-an-international-crime/>
  • <https://ecocidelaw.com/selected-previous-drafts/>
  • <https://ecocidelaw.com/european-law-institute-project/>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/notable-supporters>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/2024/drc-joins-pacific-island-nations-in-call-for-an-international-crime-of-ecocide>
  • <https://www.stopecocide.earth/bn-2025/council-of-europe-assembly-advances-historic-ecocide-treaty>
  • <https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment>
  • <https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/pollution>
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Hukuk (Diğer)
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Olgun Değirmenci

İrem Şevval Akbaş 0000-0003-4624-963X

Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Ağustos 2025
Kabul Tarihi 13 Ocak 2026
Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Ocak 2026
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2026 Sayı: 65

Kaynak Göster

APA Değirmenci, O., & Akbaş, İ. Ş. (2026). ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi(65), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1864116
AMA Değirmenci O, Akbaş İŞ. ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ. TAAD. Ocak 2026;(65):1-34. doi:10.54049/taad.1864116
Chicago Değirmenci, Olgun, ve İrem Şevval Akbaş. “ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 65 (Ocak 2026): 1-34. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1864116.
EndNote Değirmenci O, Akbaş İŞ (01 Ocak 2026) ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 65 1–34.
IEEE O. Değirmenci ve İ. Ş. Akbaş, “ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ”, TAAD, sy. 65, ss. 1–34, Ocak2026, doi: 10.54049/taad.1864116.
ISNAD Değirmenci, Olgun - Akbaş, İrem Şevval. “ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi 65 (Ocak2026), 1-34. https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1864116.
JAMA Değirmenci O, Akbaş İŞ. ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ. TAAD. 2026;:1–34.
MLA Değirmenci, Olgun ve İrem Şevval Akbaş. “ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ”. Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi, sy. 65, 2026, ss. 1-34, doi:10.54049/taad.1864116.
Vancouver Değirmenci O, Akbaş İŞ. ULUSLARARASI SUÇ OLMA YOLUNDA ÇEVREKIRIM (ECOCIDE): LEHİNDE VE ALEYHİNDE GÖRÜŞLERİN ANALİZİ. TAAD. 2026(65):1-34.