TELİF HAKLARI VE YARATICI ENDÜSTRİLER BAĞLAMINDA ÜRETKEN YAPAY ZEKA

Öz

Bu çalışmada, üretken yapay zekanın telif hakları ve yaratıcı endüstriler üzerindeki etkileri, Türk hukuku için mehaz nitelikte olan, Avrupa Birliği hukuku ekseninde incelenmektedir. Bu çerçevede çalışma, ilk olarak telif hakkıyla korunan eserlerin yapay zeka modellerinin eğitiminde kullanılmasının doğurduğu hukuki sorunları ele almakta; özellikle metin ve veri madenciliği istisnalarının üretken yapay zeka bakımından sınırlarını, opt-out mekanizmasının işlevselliğini ve izinsiz eğitimin sonuçlarını tartışmaktadır. Devamında, yapay zeka çıktılarının eser niteliği, insan katkısının ölçütü, ihlal ihtimali ve sorumluluk rejimi incelenmektedir. Son olarak ise üretken yapay zekanın yaratıcı emek üzerindeki ekonomik etkileri, değer uçurumu, gelir aktarımı ve adil ücretlendirme ihtiyacı değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada, mevcut AB düzenlemelerinin uygulamada dağınık ve yetersiz kaldığı, insan merkezli telif yaklaşımının korunması, eğitim verisinde şeffaflığın güçlendirilmesi, yapay zeka eğitimi bakımından etkili lisanslama veya ücretlendirme mekanizmalarının geliştirilmesi ve kurumsal koordinasyonun artırılması gerektiği savunulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak çalışmada, üretken yapay zeka çağında telif hukukunun temel işlevinin teknolojik gelişmeyi engellemek değil yaratıcı emeğin hukuki ve ekonomik değerini koruyan yeni bir denge kurmak olduğu ileri sürülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Üretken Yapay Zeka
• Metin ve Veri Madenciliği
• Yaratıcı Endüstriler
• Sentetik Veri
• Telif Hakları

Generative Artificial Intelligence in the Context of Copyright and Creative Industries

Öz

This study examines the impact of generative artificial intelligence on copyright and creative industries within the framework of European Union law, which constitutes a principal reference point for Turkish law. In this context, the study first addresses the legal issues arising from the use of copyright-protected works in the training of artificial intelligence models, with particular emphasis on the limits of text and data mining exceptions in relation to generative artificial intelligence, the effectiveness of the opt-out mechanism, and the consequences of unauthorised training. It then analyses the copyright status of AI outputs, the criterion of human contribution, the likelihood of infringement, and the applicable liability regime. Finally, it evaluates the economic effects of generative artificial intelligence on creative labour, including the value gap, the transfer of revenue, and the need for fair remuneration. The study argues that the current EU regulatory framework remains fragmented and inadequate in practice, and maintains that it is necessary to preserve a human-centred approach to copyright, strengthen transparency with regard to training data, develop effective licensing or remuneration mechanisms for AI training, and enhance institutional coordination. In conclusion, the study contends that, in the age of generative artificial intelligence, the primary function of copyright law is not to hinder technological development, but to establish a new balance that protects the legal and economic value of creative labour.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Generative AI
• Creative Industries
• Copyright
• Text and Data Mining
• Sentetic Data

Kaynakça

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