ULUSLARARASI HUKUKUN ÜÇ YÜZÜ: ELEŞTİREL BİR YAKLAŞIM

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 54, 39 - 76, 03.04.2023

Atahan Demirkol

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1274382

Öz

Bu çalışma, uluslararası hukukun neden var olduğu ve uluslararası ilişkilerde ne işe yaradığı tartışmalarını incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Modern uluslararası hukukun ortaya çıkışı doktrinde 16. yüzyılda haklı savaş ve deniz ticaretinin düzenlenmesi konularıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Ancak ortaya çıkışından bugüne uluslararası hukukun varlık sebebi ve neye hizmet ettiği tartışılmaktadır. Farklı bakış açılarına göre değişik yorumlamalara gebe olan uluslararası hukuk, barışın sağlanması aracı, ulusal çıkarların optimizasyon mekanizması ya da hegemonyanın silahı olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu birbirinden farklı değerlendirmeler sırasıyla liberal ve realist teoriler ile Uluslararası Hukuka Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları (Third World Approaches to International Law - TWAIL) perspektifinden yapılmaktadır. Eldeki çalışma, bu üç bakış açısı üzerinden uluslararası hukukun varlık sebebini açıklamaya çalışacaktır. Bu anlamda öncelikle liberal teoriye odaklanılacak ve uluslararası hukukun barışa aracılık ettiği/edebileceği iddiaları tartışılacaktır. Sonrasında realist perspektiften uluslararası hukukun işlevi sorgulanacak ve ulusal çıkarlarla yaşadığı çatışma irdelenecektir. Son olarak ise TWAIL üzerinden uluslararası hukukun Üçüncü Dünya halklarına ve devletlerine nasıl bir hegemonya aracı olarak dikte edildiği incelenecektir. Bu üç argüman üzerinden çalışma, uluslararası hukuka ilişkin farklı Uluslararası İlişkiler teorilerinin nasıl anlamlar yüklediğini tartışmakta ve bu bağlamda uluslararası hukuka eleştirel bir değerlendirme sunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberalizm, Realizm, Uluslararası Hukuka Üçüncü Dünya Yaklaşımları, Uluslararası Hukuk

Three Faces of International Law: A Critical Approach

Öz

This study aims to quest for why there is international law and what is its functions in international relations. The emergence of modern international law has been related to just war and maritime commerce in 16th century in the doctrine. However, since the emergence of international law, its raison d’etre and what it serves for has been discussed. From different perspectives it is possible to approach international law differently such as the tool of peace, a mechanism for gaining national interest or the weapon of hegemony by powerful states. These different approaches have been reflected by the International Relations (IR) theories of liberalism, realism, and Third World Approach to International Law - TWAIL. This paper, therefore, attempts to analyze the raison d’etre of international law from three different perspectives. To do so, the study firstly analyzes liberal IR theory and discusses the claims of liberalism such as international law may be the tool for international peace. Secondly, realist IR perspective has been used to questioning international law through the national interest and international law nexus. Lastly, TWAIL perspective has been included to the discussion for analyzing how the international law has been used by First World countries against Third World countries. Through these arguments, the paper discusses the meanings attributed to the international law by different International Relations theories and provides a critical evaluation to the international law.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Liberalism, Realism, Third World Approaches to International Law, International Law

Kaynakça

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