DÜZENLEYİCİ ÜST KURULLARIN BAĞIMSIZLIĞI

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 61, 187 - 214, 20.01.2025

Serdar Atalar

https://doi.org/10.54049/taad.1621991

Öz

Devletin geleneksel kurumsal gücüyle bazı kapasite sorunları yaşanması, bürokratik yapıda yavaşlık, kamusal sektörde şeffaflık ve hesap verebilirlik eksiklikleri, popülizmin varlığı ve geleneksel düzenleyici yapının yetersizliği gibi nedenlerle, hükûmetler mevcut düzenleyici yapıları yeniden yapılandırarak bankacılık, sigorta, enerji, iletişim ve tarım gibi geniş toplumsal kesimleri etkileyen bazı özel alanlarda yeni kuruluşlar kurmaktadır. Bu kuruluşlar bağımsız düzenleyici kurullar (BDK) olarak adlandırılmıştır. BDK’ların bağımsızlığı, ülkeden ülkeye, sosyal ve ekonomik faktörlere bağlı olarak farklı yorumlanmış ve uygulanmıştır. Düzenleyici bağımsızlık, hükûmet, denetlenen firmalar, tüketiciler ve kişisel menfaat sahipleri ile mesafeli bir ilişkiyi gerektirir. Uygulamada bağımsızlık sağlamak için, yapısal ve finansal bağımsızlık ile işlevsellik gibi bazı temel unsurların her düzenleyici kuruluşta bulunması gerekmektedir. Ancak bağımsızlık, mutlak bir kavram olarak değil göreceli bir kavram olarak görülmelidir; çünkü mutlak bağımsızlık ne mümkündür ne de arzu edilir ve düzenleyici otoriteler üzerinde bazı kısıtlamalar getirilmelidir. Bu bağlamda hesap verebilirlik, şeffaflık ve öngörülebilirlik uygun mekanizmalar olarak sayılabilir. Bu makalenin amacı, düzenleyici bağımsızlığın temel unsurlarını ve düzenleyici otoritenin faaliyetlerine getirilen sınırlamaları incelemektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Düzenleyici kurullar, bağımsızlık, hesap verebilirlik, şeffaflık, öngörülebilirlik, sınırlamalar

The Independence of Regulatory Agencies

Öz

Causes such as experiencing issues in doing some of government’s capacities with its conventional established power, moderate execution in bureaucratic structure, lack of transparency and accountability in public sector, presence of populism, and uncover inadequacy in conventional regulatory association, governments rebuild existing regulatory arrangements by building up new establishments in some unique zones that influence expansive parts of the general public, for example, banking, insurance, energy, communication, agriculture. These organisations called as independent regulatory agencies (IRAs). IRAs’ independence has been subject to different interpretations and implementations, with the reasons behind the concept of independence varying from country to country and depending on social and economic elements. Regulatory independence requires an arm`s-length relationship with the government, supervised firms, consumers, and private interests. To achieve independence in practice, a few key aspects such as structural and financial independence and functionality should be present in any regulatory body. However, independence should not be perceived as an absolute concept, but a relative one, as absolute independence, is neither feasible nor desirable and some restrictions must be imposed upon regulatory authorities. In this sense, accountability, transparency, and predictability can be counted as appropriate mechanisms. The objective of this essay is to examine what the central elements of regulatory independence are and the limitations on the activities of a regulatory authority.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regulatory agencies, independence, accountability, transparency, predictability, limitations

Kaynakça

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