Araştırma Makalesi

The Reverberations of Divine Unity in the Mathnawī of Rūmī

Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2 24 Aralık 2024
  • Gholamreza Aavani *
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The Reverberations of Divine Unity in the Mathnawī of Rūmī

Abstract

Maulānā Jalāl al-Dīn Balkhī (d. 1273), commonly known as Rūmī, is widely regarded as one of the foremost expositors of Sufi thought throughout Islamic history. One of the most central concepts that encapsulates the essence of Rūmī’s message in his magnum opus Mathnawī is tawḥīd, or Divine unity. In this article, I argue that for Rūmī, the realization of tawḥīd—the oneness of God—is achieved through an experiential form of knowledge attained in the annihilation of the carnal self in God (fanā). I further maintain that this knowledge is not discursive or conceptual but rather a direct and realized understanding, accessible solely through the path of love and the guidance of a spiritual master. I will begin by demonstrating that the triad of the Truth (ḥaqīqah), the spiritual path (ṭarīqah), and Divine law (sharī‘ah) are intricately interconnected, each reflecting a distinct aspect of the unified reality of Divine oneness. This foundation paves the way for discussing a crucial prerequisite for understanding tawḥīd in Rūmī’s thought: purification. According to Rūmī, purification is an essential step in the path of wayfaring, enabling the self to break free from vices and worldly attachments, thus becoming a vessel for Divine Light. However, this purification process ultimately culminates in the annihilation of the self, as the carnal ego represents the greatest obstacle and the root of all attachments. Following this point, I will explore the relationship between the declaration of shahādah (lā ilāha illa ’Llāh) and the understanding of Divine unity, arguing that this knowledge transcends the discursive reasoning of theologians. I will then examine the outcome of this realization of unity, wherein all creation is perceived as a manifestation of the beautiful Divine Names and attributes. Finally, I will turn to the metaphysical principles underlying Rūmī’s vision of tawḥīd, offering a deeper insight into his understanding of Divine oneness.

Keywords

Kaynakça

  1. Aavani, Gholamreza. Rūmī: A Philosophical Study. Chicago: Kazi Publication, 2016. “Enlightenment”. Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambala Publications, 1994. “Moksha”. Encyclopedia of Eastern Philosophy and Religion. Boston: Shambala Publications, 1994. Ibn ‘Arabī. Futūḥāt al-Makiyyah. 4 vols. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, no date. Nasr, S.H. (editor-in-chief). The Study Quran. New York: HarperOne Publishers, 2015. Nicholson, R.E. Mathnawi of Jalalu’ddin Rūmī(English Translation). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1930, 1982 reprint. Qayṣarī. al-Tawḥīd wa-l nubuwwah wa-l walāyah. Edited by Sayyid Jalāl Āshtiyānī. Tehran: Iranian Institute of Philosophy, 1360. Rūmī. Mathnawī-ye Ma‘nawī. Edited by Reynold A. Nicholson. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Amīr Kabīr, 1339. ---. Mathnawī-ye Ma‘nawī. 2nd Edition. Edited by Moḥammad ‘Alī Movaḥḥid. Tehran: Farhangistān-i Zabān wa Adab-i Fārsī, 1396.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tasavvuf

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Gholamreza Aavani * Bu kişi benim
Iran

Yayımlanma Tarihi

24 Aralık 2024

Gönderilme Tarihi

6 Kasım 2024

Kabul Tarihi

12 Kasım 2024

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2024 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

Chicago
Aavani, Gholamreza. 2024. “The Reverberations of Divine Unity in the Mathnawī of Rūmī”. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 3 (2): 3-23. https://doi.org/10.32739/ustad.2024.6.66.