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The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy

Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2 30 Kasım 2025
  • Kie Inoue *
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The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy

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This paper analyzes the conceptual framework of love as theorized by Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī (1211–1289), a prominent Sufi scholar belonging to the school of Ibn al-ʿArabī, from the perspective of comparing it with the philosophical discourses on love by the Japanese philosopher Kitarō Nishida. The present article will focus on ʿIrāqī’s masterpiece, Lamaʿāt, and analyse his process of reconstructing the metaphysical concept of existence (wujūd) into a recursive structure where the lover, the beloved, and love itself are ontologically unified. The phenomenon of love is most often depicted as an emotion directed from one entity toward another. Consequently, the concept of love necessitates the presence of an object. However, within the framework of ʿIrāqī’s concept of love, the object of love is posited as God Himself, and love is characterized as cyclical. While Sufism often typically discusses love from the ascetic toward God, or love from God toward humanity, ʿIrāqī’s structure of love differs from such typical examples. Consequently, the cyclical nature of ʿIrāqī’s concept of love serves to negate the phenomenon of union with God occurring between two entities. The doctrine places greater emphasis on the concept of separation from God (firāq) than on union with God as the primary mode of God’s self-manifestation. The present paper puts forward the argument that ʿIrāqī’s conception of love as a self-reflective, non-dualistic movement finds a close parallel in Nishida’s proposed metaphysics of the self and his understanding of “God as the dynamic foundation of existence.” By contrasting ʿIrāqī's circular structure of love with Nishida’s discussions of God and love, this paper reveals a shared commitment to a non-objectifying, reflexive ontology in which God manifests through the mirror of the self. This comparative study sheds light on the originality in ʿIrāqī’s thought, whilst also establishing a framework for discourse between Sufism and Oriental philosophy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. al-Ghazālī, Aḥmad. Sawāniḥ. Edited by Naṣr al-Allāh Pūrjawādī. Tehrān: Intishārāt-i Bunyād-i Farhang-i Īrān, 1980.
  2. al-ʿIrāqī, Fakhr al-Dīn. Lamaʿāt. Edited by Muḥammad Khwājawī. Tehrān: Intishārāt-i Mawlā, 2021/2022.
  3. ---. Kullīyāt-i Dīvān-i Shaykh Fakhr al-Dīn Ibrāhīm Hamadānī Mutakhalliṣ bi ʿIrāqī. Edited by Saʿīd Nafīsī. S.l., Sāzimān-i Intishārāt-i Jāvīdān, 1994/1995.
  4. Baldick, Julian. “Medieval Ṣūfī Literature in Persian Prose.” In History of Persian Literature: From the Beginning of the Islamic Period to the Present Day. Edited by G. Morrison. Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1981.
  5. Chittick, William C. “ʿErāqī, Fakhr al-Dīn Ebrāhīm.” Encyclopaedia Iranica Online. Accessed August 19, 2025. https://iranicaonline.org/articles/eraqi.
  6. ---. Ibn ʿArabī, Heir to the Prophets. Oxford: Oneworld, 2007.
  7. ---. Fakhr al-Dīn ʿIrāqī: Divine Flashes. Translated by William Chittick and Peter Lamborn Wilson. New York/Mahwah: Paulist Press, 1982.
  8. Corbin, Henry. En Islam iranien: Aspects spirituels et philosophiques: Les fidèles d’Amour, Shî’isme et Soufisme. Vol. 3. Paris : Gallimard, 2009.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tasavvuf

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yazarlar

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Kasım 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

30 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

9 Kasım 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Inoue, K. (2025). The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, 4(2), 30-45. https://doi.org/10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84
AMA
1.Inoue K. The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy. TAED. 2025;4(2):30-45. doi:10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84
Chicago
Inoue, Kie. 2025. “The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy”. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 4 (2): 30-45. https://doi.org/10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84.
EndNote
Inoue K (01 Kasım 2025) The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 4 2 30–45.
IEEE
[1]K. Inoue, “The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy”, TAED, c. 4, sy 2, ss. 30–45, Kas. 2025, doi: 10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84.
ISNAD
Inoue, Kie. “The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy”. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi 4/2 (01 Kasım 2025): 30-45. https://doi.org/10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84.
JAMA
1.Inoue K. The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy. TAED. 2025;4:30–45.
MLA
Inoue, Kie. “The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy”. Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 4, sy 2, Kasım 2025, ss. 30-45, doi:10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84.
Vancouver
1.Kie Inoue. The Development of the Recursive Love Argument in Fakhr al-Dīn al-ʿIrāqī: From the Comparison with Kitarō Nishida’s Philosophy. TAED. 01 Kasım 2025;4(2):30-45. doi:10.32739/ustad.2025.8.84