Çağdaş İran’da İbn Arabî: Bazı Akım ve Tartışmalar

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 3 - 19, 02.07.2024

Taha Abdollahi Sohi

Öz

İran’ın tarihsel ve karışık sosyal durumu, tasavvufa ve İbn Arabî’nin mirasının yorumlanmasına yönelik farklı tutumların ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. İbn Arabî’nin önde gelen takipçilerinin ve yorumcularının çoğu İran kökenlidir; ancak önemli muhaliflerinin çoğu da yine İranlıdır. İbn Arabî takipçileri ve muhaliflerinden oluşan bu iki tarihsel akım hâlâ oldukça canlıdır. Yakın zamanda İran’da İbn Arabî’ye yönelik özgün tutumları olan başka akımlar da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makale, çağdaş İran’daki İbn Arabî’ye yönelik farklı tutumları sunmayı ve kavramsallaştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Sözü edilen tutumlar sadece İranlı akademisyenlerin ve İslam âlimlerinin ilmî eğilimlerini değil, aynı zamanda farklı kolektif kimliklerin oluşumundaki rollerini de temsil etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ibn Arabi, Tasavvuf, Ekberi gelenek

Ibn ʿArabī in Contemporary Iran; Some Currents and Debates

Öz

Iran's historical and complicated social situation has led to diverse attitudes towards Sufism and interpretations of Ibn ʿArabī’s legacy. Many of Ibn ʿArabī’s prominent followers and commentators were originally from Iran; however, many of his notable opponents were also from Iran. Besides two historical currents of followers and opponents of Ibn ʿArabī, which are still quite alive in contemporary Iran, some other currents with novel attitudes toward Ibn ʿArabī have been established recently in Iran. In this article, different attitudes towards Ibn ʿArabī in contemporary Iran have been presented and contextualized. Attitudes that represent not only the scholarly tendencies of Iranian academics and Islamic scholars but also their role in forming diverse collective identities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sufism, Ibn Arabi, Iran, Akbarian tradition

Kaynakça

• Anzali, Ata. Mysticism in Iran: The Safavid Roots of a Modern Concept. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2017.
• Asghari, Seyed Amir Hossein. “Replacing Sharīʿa, Ṭarīqa and Ḥaqīqa with Fiqh, Akhlāq and Tawḥīd.” Journal of Sufi Studies 9 (2020): 202-214.
• Chittick, William. “Waḥdat al-wujūd in India.” Ishraq: Islamic Philosophy Yearbook 3 (2012): 29-40.
• Ernst, Carl. It’s Not Just Academic! Essays on Sufism and Islamic Studies. Tamil Nadu: Sage, 2018.
• Hermansen, Marcia. “The Academic Study of Sufism at American Universities.” American Journal of Islam and Society 24, 3 (2007): 24-45.
• Ḥusein Tehrānī, Seyyed Muḥammad. Rūḥe Mojarad. Mashhad: ʿAllāmeh Ṭabātabāī, 2004.
• Ibn ʿArabī. Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Translated by Binyamin Abrahamov. Oxon: Routledge, 2015.
• ---. Fūṣūṣ al-ḥikam. Translated by Moḥammad ʿAlī Movaḥed & Ṣamad Movaḥed. Tehran: Kārnāmeh, 2021.
• ---. The Translator of Desires. Edited and translated by Michael Sells. Oxfordshire: Princeton University Press, 2021.
• Isfahānī, Maḥdī. Abvāb al-Hudā. Qom: Muʾseseye Mʿāref Ahl al-Bayt, 2016.
• Izutsu, Toshihiko, The Fundamental Structure of Sabzewari’s metaphysics. Tehran: University of Tehran Press, 2000.
• Kamaly, Hossein. God and Man in Tehran. New York: Columbia University Press, 2018.
• Khalil, Atif and Shiraz Sheikh. “Sufism in Western Historiography: A Brief Overview.” Philosophy East and West 66, 1 (2016): 194-217.
• Knysh, Alexander. “Historiography of Sufi Studies in the West and in Russia.” Written Monuments of Orient, 4 (2006): 206-238.
• ---. “Irfan Revisited: Khomeini and the Legacy of Islamic Mystical Philosophy.” Middle East Journal 46, 4 (1992): 631-653.
• Mīllānī, Ḥassan. Farā-tar az ʿErfān. Qom: ʿAhd, 2016.
• ---. Maʿrifat Allāh Taʿalā billāh. Qom: Eʿteqāde Mā, 2015.
• Mirsepassi, Ali. Iran’s Troubled Modernity: Debating Ahmad Fardid’s Legacy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019.
• Murtaḍā al-ʿĀmelī, Seyed Jaʿfar. Ibn ʿArabī Sunnī Mutʿeaṣib. n.p.: al-Markaz al-Islāmī lldirāsāt, 2007.
• Pourjavady, Nasrollah. Qūt-e Del wa Nūše Jān. Tehran: Nashre Now, 2019.
• ---. Philosophy in Qajar Iran. Leiden: Brill, 2018.
• ---. “Seyre Iṣtelāḥāte Ṣufīyan az ‘Nahj al-Ḫāṣe Abumanṣūr Iṣfehānī tā Futūhāte Ibn ʿArabī.” Maʿāref 48, (1999): 3-55.
• Shafiei Kadkani, Mohammad-Reza. Rastāḫīz-e Kalamāt. Tehran: Soḫan, 1391 sh./2012.
• ---. Zabāne Šeʿr dar naṭre ṣufiyye. Tehran: Soḫan, 2013.
• Tabandeh, Reza. The Rise of the Niʿmatullāhī Order. Leiden: Leiden University Press, 2021.
• Ṭāher-Zādeh, Aṣġar. Enqelābe Islāmī va Jahāne Gom-shode. Isfahan: Lobb al-Mīzān, 1399 sh./2020.
• ---. Gūsh Sepurdan be Nedaye Bī-ṣedaye Enqelābe Islāmī. Isfahan: Lobb al-Mīzān, 1398 sh./2019.
• ---. Sharḥ Fuṣūṣ al- Ḥikam. Isfahan: Lobb al-Mīzān, 1399 sh./2020.
• ---. Sulūk zeyl šaḫṣīyaat emam Khomeini. Isfahan: Lobb al-Mīzān, 1390 sh./2011.
• Ṭayeb-Nīyā, Seyed Moḥsen. Ibn ʿArabī az Negāhī Digar. Qom: Dalīl-e mā, 2015.
• Tehranī, Qasim. al-Qawl al-Matīn fī Tashayyʿe Sheiyḫ al-Akbar Muḥyeddīn. Beirut: Dar al-Maḥajat al-Bayḍā, 2003.
• Vakīlī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. Moḥyeddīn; Shīʿaye Ḫāleṣ. Mashhad: Moassesye Moṭāleʿāt Rāhbordī, 2019.
• Yazdān-Panāh, Seyed Yadullāh. Mabānī wa Uṣūle ʿerfāne Naẓarī. Qom: Moasseseye Imam Khomeini, 2014.
• Yazdān-Panāh, Seyed Yadullāh. Muḫtaṣāte Ḥekmate Mutʿālīye. Qom: Āle Aḥmad, 2020.
• Zarrinkoob, A. H. “Persian Sufism in Its Historical Perspective.” Journal of the Society for Iranian Studies, 3&4: (1970).