Lazerin Doğuşu ve Uygulamaları

Öz

“Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation” kısaltılması olan Lazer kavramı ışığın uyarılmış bir radyasyon ile yükseltilmesi anlamına gelmekte olup optik bir düzenekten oluşmaktadır. Bu optik düzenek lazer aktif maddesi, pompalama kaynağı ve optik rezonatör lazer bileşenlerinden oluşmaktadır. Optik düzenekte bulunan lazer aktif maddesi (orta kazanç) lazer oluşumun bir şartı olan nüfus terslenmesinin gerçekleşmesi için bir ortam oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca lazerin emisyon özelliklerini de belirlemektedir. Bu maddeler katı, sıvı, gaz ve plazma olarak 4 çeşit olabilmektedirler. Lazerlerin diğer bir bileşeni olan pompalama kaynağı enerji kaynağı olarak kullanılmaktadır ve burada kaynak olarak optik pompalama, yarıiletken diyotlar ve elektrik akımı vb. şeyler kullanılmaktadır. Son bileşen olarak rezonatör de ise ışınların çoğaltılması için geri bildirim sistemi oluşturmaktadır. Rezonatör aynalardan ve özel kaplanmış yüzeylerden oluşmaktadır. Bu sistemden oluşturulan lazer ışının diğer ışıklardan farklı olarak tutarlı, yönlü ve tek renkli özelliklerinden ötürü benzersiz kılmaktadır. Lazerlerin etkileyici ve kullanışlı özelliklerinden dolayı geçmişten günümüze kadar pek çok bilim insanı ve mühendislerin çalışmaları ile gelişerek hayatımızda büyük rol oynamıştır. Lazerlerin gelişimi sonucunda ortaya çıkan çeşitli türlerde lazerler mühendislik alanında, havacılık alanında, trafik kontrol sistemlerinde, holografide, tıpta, telekomünikasyonda, endüstriyel de ve bilimsel araştırma gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışma ile de lazer teknolojisinin tarih boyunca gelişimi ve uygulamaları incelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lazerler
• lazer tarihi
• Lazer uygulamaları

Birth of Laser and Its Applications

Öz

The concept of Laser, which is an abbreviation of "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation", means the amplification of light by a stimulated radiation and consists of an optical mechanism. This optical assembly consists of laser active material, pumping source and optical resonator laser components. The laser active material (mid-gain) in the optical assembly creates an environment for population reversal to occur, which is a condition of laser formation. It also determines the emission characteristics of the laser. These substances can be of 4 types as solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Pumping source, another component of lasers, is used as energy source, and optical pumping, semiconductor diodes and electric current etc. are used as sources. things are used. As the last component, the resonator forms a feedback system for the reproduction of the rays. The resonator consists of mirrors and specially coated surfaces. Different from other lights, the laser beam created from this system makes it unique due to its consistent, directional and monochromatic properties. Due to the impressive and useful features of lasers, they have played a great role in our lives by developing with the work of many scientists and engineers from past to present. Various types of lasers that emerged as a result of the development of lasers are used in many fields such as engineering, aviation, traffic control systems, holography, medicine, telecommunications, industrial and scientific research. With this study, the development and applications of laser technology throughout history will be examined.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Lasers
• Laser history
• Laser applications

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