Cihad Kavramının Çağdaş Yaklaşımlarının Algılanma ve Yorumlanma Sorunları

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 7 - 30, 01.12.2019

Abdulhakim Allahdad

https://doi.org/10.37344/talim.2020.5

Öz

Son yıllarda, İslami disiplinlerde ve özellikle İslam hukukunda temel bir kavram olan cihad kavramı, dünya genelinde en çok tartışılan ve konuşulan terimlerden biri haline dönüşmüştür. Cihad kavramı, İslam tarihi boyunca dini, ilmi, askeri ve politik alanlarda canlılığını her zaman korumuştur ancak 11 Eylül olayından sonra dünya genelinde birçok düşünce kuruluşu, üniversite, akademik kurum, siyasi ve askeri kuruluşlar tarafından cihat kavramı üzerinde muazzam ve dikkatçekici çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmalarda cihad kavramı farklı şekillerde anlaşılmış, analiz edilmiş, kullanılmış; öyle ki ana anlamından uzak bir şekilde tanımlanmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, bu çağdaş yorumlamaları ve yaklaşımları tetkik etmeye çalışmıştır. Son yılların yorumları göz önüne alındığında, dört yaklaşımın yaygın olduğu görülmektedir: indirgemeci, radikal, savunmacı ve İslamofobik yaklaşım. Bu bağlamda, bu çalışma beş ana bölümden oluşmaktadır: ilk bölüm, cihad kavramının İslam’ın temel kaynaklarında Kur’an ve Sünnet ve İslami disiplinlerinde kullanımı ele almaktadır. Geri kalan dört bölümde indirgemeci, radikal, savunmacı ve İslamofobik yaklaşımların ana argümanlarına, söylemlerine ve kanıtlarına sırasıyla ve ayrıntılı olarak değinilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Cihad, İslam Hukuku, Savaş, İndirgemeci Yaklaşım, Radikal Yaklaşım, Savunma Yaklaşımı, İslamofobik Yaklaşım

Perception and Interpretation Problems of Contemporary Approaches of the Concept of Jihad

Öz

In recent decades, the concept of jihad, an essential concept in Islamic disciplines, in particular in Islamic jurisprudence, has turned into one of the most discussed and debated terms across the globe. The concept of jihad, though, has always maintained its vitality in the religious, scholarship, military and political spheres throughout Islamic history; however, after the September 11 incident, enormous and remarkable studies have been carried out on the concept of jihad by many thinktanks, universities, academic institutions, political and military organizations across the globe. In these studies, the concept of jihad has been understood, analyzed, defined and interpreted differently, and used, represented and interpreted beyond its context. This study, thus, has attempted to explore these contemporary interpretations and approaches to the concept of jihad. Considering the recent decades’ interpretations, one can observe that four types of approach have been prevalent: reductionist, radical, defensive, and Islamophobic approach. In this context, this study consisted of five main sections: the first section dealt with the use of the concept of jihad in the primary sources of Islam Qur’an and Sunnah , and Islamic disciplines. In the remained four sections; the main arguments, discourses, and shreds of evidence of the reductionist, radical, defensive and Islamophobic approaches have been touched respectively and thoroughly

Anahtar Kelimeler

Jihad • Islamic Jurisprudence • Warfare • Reductionist Approach • Radical Approach • Defensive Approach • Islamophobic Approach.

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