Hızlı Modanın Çevresel Etkileri

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 119 - 134, 28.05.2024

Şerafettin Sevgili , Müzeyyen Pekacar

https://doi.org/10.58239/tamde.2024.01.008.x

Öz

Son yıllarda Moda endüstrisinin çevresel etkileri yaygın ve önemli hale gelmiştir. Çünkü moda endüstrisi, çevreyi kirleten tedarik zinciri operasyonlarına yönelik artan küresel incelemeyle karşı karşıyadır. Bununla birlikte, geniş çapta duyurulan çevresel etkilere rağmen kısmen ucuz üretime, sık tüketime ve kısa ömürlü giysi kullanımına dayanan hızlı modanın yükselişi nedeniyle sektör büyümeye devam etmektedir. Bu yüzden moda endüstrisi sosyal ve çevresel konuları sınırlı bir şekilde dikkate alması ve modanın finansal olmayan maliyetlerini küresel kamuoyunun gündemine taşıması nedeniyle eleştirilmektedir. Hızlı moda, mevcut moda trendlerinden yararlanmak için kısa sürede seri üretilen kıyafetleri ifade eder. Bu genellikle fiyatları düşük tutmak için dayanıklılıktan yoksun ucuz, sentetik malzemelerin kullanılmasını gerektirir, dolayısıyla ürünler genellikle çok sık giyilmez veya çok uzun süre saklanmaz ve sonuçta genellikle çöplüklere atılır.

Hızlı moda pazarı da çok fazla su kullanıyor ve çok fazla atık üretiyor. Bir yılda endüstri 80 milyar metreküp tatlı su kullanıyor ve bakır, kurşun, cıva ve boya kimyasalları içeren büyük miktarda atık su üretiyor. Bu zehirli atık su daha sonra doğrudan akarsulara ve nehirlere boşaltılıyor. Sonunda toprağa sızarak toprak verimliliğini olumsuz etkiler ve içilebilir yeraltı suyunu kirletir. Bu kanserojen zehirli su tüketildiği takdirde çevredeki toplulukların birçok sağlık sorunu yaşamasına neden olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Hızlı Moda, Çevre, Tekstil, İklim Değişikliği

Environmental Impacts of Fast Fashion

Öz

In recent years, the environmental impacts of the Fashion industry have become widespread and significant. Because the fashion industry faces increasing global scrutiny over its polluting supply chain operations. However, despite the widely publicized environmental impacts, the industry continues to grow, due in part to the rise of fast fashion, which relies on cheap production, frequent consumption, and short-lived clothing.

The fashion industry is criticized for its limited consideration of social and environmental issues and for bringing the non-financial costs of fashion to the global public's agenda. Fast fashion refers to mass-produced clothing in a short period of time to take advantage of current fashion trends. This often requires the use of cheap, synthetic materials that lack durability to keep prices low, so the items are often not worn very often or stored for very long and, as a result, are often thrown into landfills.

The fast fashion market also uses a lot of water and produces a lot of waste. In a year, the industry uses 80 billion cubic meters of fresh water and produces large amounts of wastewater containing copper, lead, mercury and dye chemicals. This toxic wastewater is then discharged directly into streams and rivers. It eventually seeps into the soil, negatively affecting soil fertility and contaminating potable groundwater. If this carcinogenic toxic water is consumed, it can cause many health problems to the surrounding communities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fast Fashion, Environment, Textile, Climate Change

Kaynakça

• Alade, O. (2023). Fast fashion and ıts environmental ımpact. Medium, Sep 28, 2023.
• Armstrong, C. M. Niinimäki, K. Kujala, S. Karell, E. Lang, C. (2015). Sustainable product-service systems for clothing: Exploring consumer perceptions of consumption alternatives in Finland. J. Clean Prod. 97, 30–39.
• At what cost? Unravelling the harms of the fast fashion industry. (t.y.). https://www.biologicaldiversity.org/programs/population_and_sustainability/sustainability/fast_fashion
• Bangladesh: Another major factory fire shows “industry safeguards” are failing. (t.y.). Business & Human Rights Resource Centre. Geliş tarihi 27 Mayıs 2024, gönderen https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/bangladesh-another-major-factory-fire-shows-industry-safeguards-are-failing/
• Binet, F., Coste-Manière, I., Decombes, C., Grasselli, Y., Ouedermi, D., & Ramchandani, M. (2019). Fast fashion and sustainable consumption. İçinde S. S. Muthu (Ed.), Fast Fashion, Fashion Brands and Sustainable Consumption (ss. 19-35). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1268-7_2
• Blogger, P. P. (2024, Şubat 6). How fast fashion is bad for the environment—The plastic collective. Plastic Collective. https://www.plasticcollective.co/how-fast-fashion-is-bad-for-the-environment/
• Brewer, M. K. (2019). Slow fashion in a fast fashion world: Promoting sustainability and responsibility. Laws, 8(4), 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws8040024
• Crofton, S. O. & Dopico, L. G. (2007). Zara-ınditex and the growth of fast fashion. Essays in Economic and Business History, 25(1), 41–54.
• Fang, Boyi (2023). Environmental and human ımpacts of fast fashion. Communications in Humanities Research, 15(1), 166-171.
• Fast fashion | history, definition, brands, companies, environmental impact, waste, & facts | britannica. (2024). https://www.britannica.com/art/fast-fashion
• Kant, R. (2012). Textile dyeing ındustry: An environmental hazard.  Natural Science, 4(1), 22–34.
• Kerrice Bailey, Kerrice Bailey, Aman Basu and Sapna Sharma (2022). The environmental ımpacts of fast fashion on water quality: a systematic review. Water, Vol 14(7).
• Le Ngan (2020). The ımpact of fast fashion on the environment. https://psci.princeton.edu/tips/2020/7/20/the-impact-of-fast-fashion-on-the-environment
• Taplin, I. (2014). Who is to blame?: A re-examination of fast fashion after the 2013 factory disaster in Bangladesh. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 10(1/2), 72-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/cpoib-09-2013-0035 Mandaric, D., Hunjet, A., and Kozina, G. (2021). Perception of consumers’ awareness about sustainability of fashion brands. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(12), 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14120594
• Mangır, A. F. (2016). Sürdürülebilir kalkınma için yavaş ve hızlı moda. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Meslek Yüksekokulu Dergisi, 19.
• Mitchell, L. (2023). The environmental ımpacts of fast fashion. Essex Student Journal, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.5526/esj.257
• Niinimäki, Kirsi, Peters Greg Dahlbo Helena, Perry Patsy, Timo Rissanen and Alison Gwilt (2020). The environmental price of fast fashion. Nature Reviews, 1, 189-200.
• Pal, R. and Gander, J. (2018). Modelling environmental value: an examination of sustainable business models within the fashion ındustry’. Journal of Cleaner Production, 184, 251-263.
• Pensupa, N. Leu, S.-Y. Hu, Y. Du, C. Liu, H. Jing, H. Wang, H. and Lin, C. S. K. (2017). Recent trends in sustainable textile waste recycling methods: current situation and future prospects. Top. Curr. Chem. 375, 76.
• Peters, G., Li, M. and Lenzen, M. (2021). The need to decelerate fast fashion in a hot climate-a global sustainability perspective on the garment ındustry. J. Clean. Prod. 295, 126390.
• Renee, Cho (2021). Why fashion needs to be more sustainable, sustaınabılıty. https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2021/06/10/why-fashion-needs-to-be-more-sustainable/
• Sammi, Lin (2020). The environmental ımpacts of fast fashion. https://www.newrootsinstitute.org/articles/fast-fashion-environment
• Smith, D. (2024). Fast fashion’s environmental impact: The true price of trendiness. Good On You. https://goodonyou.eco/fast-fashions-environmental-impact/
• Stanescu, M. D. (2021). State of the art of post-consumer textile waste upcycling to reach the zero waste milestone. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res, V28, 14253–14270.
• The state of fashion 2024 report | mckinsey. (2024). https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/retail/our-insights/state-of-fashion#/
• The Sustainability of Fashion: What role can consumers play? (2019). HEJSupport. https://hej-support.org/the-sustainability-of-fashion-what-role-can-consumers-play/
• UN launches drive to highlight environmental cost of staying fashionable | UN News. (201). https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/03/1035161
• Yusuff, R. O. and Sonibare, J. A. (2004). Characterization of textile industries effluents in Kaduna, Nigeria and pollution implications. Global Nest: International Journal, 6(3), 212-221.