Determination of In Vitro High Level Salinity Tolerance of Some Durum Wheat (T. durum Desf.) Cultivars

Öz

Salt tolerance of 13 durum wheat (T. durum Desf.) genotypes, which are grown in Turkey, were assessed on in vitro conditions using mature embryos. They were exposed to different concentration of NaCl (0,3,6,9,12,15,18 g/l) from initiation of the callus induction. Cultivars evaluated based on callus induction, weight of callus and number of regenerated callus parameters. All parameters decreased with increasing salt levels and there were significant differences among genotypes. Accordingly it was found that Mirzabey-2000 and Selçuklu-97 cultivars grew better than the other cultivars at high salt levels and they may be used as genitors in breeding programs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• NaCl; callus induction; in vitro; durum wheat

Bazı Makarnalık Buğday (T. durum Desf.) Çeşitlerinin In Vitro Koşullarda Yüksek Tuz Dozlarına Toleransının Belirlenmesi

Öz

Türkiye’de yetiştirilen 13 makarnalık buğday (T. durum Desf.) çeşidinin olgunlaşmış embriyoları kullanılarak in vitro koşullarda tuza toleransları değerlendirilmiştir. Değişik NaCl konsantrasyonları (0,3,6,9,12,15,18 g/l) embriyolara kallus oluşumu aşamasından itibaren uygulanmıştır. Çeşitler kallus oluşumu, kallus ağırlığı ve rejenere kallus sayısı parametrelerine göre değerlendirilmiştir. Artan tuz dozları ile bütün parametrelere ilişkin değerler azalmış ve çeşitler arasında önemli faklılıklar bulunmuştur. Buna göre Mirzabey-2000 ve Selçuklu-97 çeşitlerinin yüksek tuz dozlarında, diğer çeşitlere göre daha iyi geliştiği ve bu çeşitlerin ıslah çalışmalarında genitör olarak kullanılabileceği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• NaCl; kallus oluşumu; in vitro; makarnalık buğday

Kaynakça

1. Abdel-Aleem M.M.M., S.R.S. Sabry, N.S. Hanna, 1994. Seedling characteristics as selection criteria for salinity tolerance in wheat. Rachis, 11(1-2): 33-40.
2. Almansouri M., J.M. Kinet. and, S. Lutts, 1999. Compared effects of sudden and progressive impositions of salt stres in three durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) cultivars. J. Plant Physiol, 154: 743-752.
3. Arzani A. and S-S. Mirodjagh. 1999. Response of durum wheat cultivars to immature embryo culture, callus induction and in vitro salt stress. Plant Cell Tiss Org, 58: 67-72.
4. Ashraf M. 1994. Breeding for salinity tolerance in plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 13(1): 17-42.
5. Ashraf M and N.A. Akram. 2009. Improving salinity tolerance of plants through conventional breeding and genetic engineering: An analytical comparison. Biotechnol Adv, 27: 744–752.
6. Barakat M.N. and T.H. Abdel-Latif. 1996. In vitro selection of wheat callus tolerant to high levels of salt and plant regeneration. Euphytica, 91: 127-140.
7. Dokuyucu T., S. Akkececi, A. Akkaya and R. Kara. 2005. Investigation of the response of bread wheat cultivars to salinity by using callus cultures. J Environ Biol, 26(2): 251-255.
8. Gill B.S., R. Appels, A-M. Botha-Oberholster, C.R. Buell, J.L. Bennetzen, B. Chalhoub, F. Chumley, J. Dvorak, M. Iwanaga, B. Keller, W. Li, W.R. McCombie, Y. Ogihara, F. Quetier, and T. Sasaki, 2004. A workshop report on wheat genome sequencing: International genome research on wheat consortium. Genetics, 168: 1087-1096

9. Karadimova M. and G. Djambova. 1993. Increased NaCl-Tolerance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. and T. durum Desf.) through in vitro selection. In vitro Cell Dev Biol, 29P: 180-182.
10. Kintzios S.E., M. Barberaki, G. Aivalakis, J. Drossopoulus, and C.D. Holevas, 1997. In vitro morphogenetic responses of mature wheat embryos to different NaCl concentrations and growth regulator treatments. Plant Breeding, 116: 113-118.
11. Lazar M., G.B. Collins and W.E. Vian. 1983. Genetic and environmental effects on the growth and differentiation of wheat and somatic cell cultures. J of Heredity, 74:353-357.
12. Munns R and A. Termaat. 1986. Whole-plant responses to salinity. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 13: 143-160.
13. Munsuz N., G. Çaycı, S. Sözüdoğru Ok, 2001. Toprak ıslahı ve düzenleyiciler. Ankara Üniversitesi Yayını: 1518, 335 s, Ankara.
14. Murashige T. and F. Skoog. 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant, 15: 473-497.
15. Özgen M., M. Türet, S. Altınok, C. Sancak, 1998. Efficient calluc induction and plant regeneration from mature embryo culture of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes. Plant Cell Rep. 18: 331-335.
16. Rai M., R.K. Kalia, R. Singh, M.P. Gangola, A.K. Dhawan, 2011. Developing stres tolerant plants through in vitro selection-An overview of the recent progress. Environ Exp Bot, 21: 89-98.
17. Pancholi S.R., , S.C. Bhargava, A.K. Singh, 2001. Screening of wheat genotypes at different salinity levels for germination percentage. Ann Agri Bio Res, 6(1): 53-55.
18. Prakash V. and E.V.D. Sastry. 1992. Effects of salinity on germination and seedling growth in wheat. Ann Arid Zone, 31(1): 71-72.
19. Sears R.G. and E.L.Deckard. 1982. Tissue culture variability in wheat:Callus induction and plant regeneration. Crop Sci, 22:546-550.
20. Sadat Noori S.A. and T. McNeilly. 2000. Assessment of variability in salt tolerance based on seedling growth in Triticum durum Desf. Genet Resour Crop Ev, 47: 285-291.
21. Snedecor G.W. and W.G. Cochran. 1967. 'Statistical Methods.', The Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA.
22. Soltani A., M.H. Ghorbani, S. Galeshi and E. Zeinali, (2004). Salinity effects on germinability and vigor of harvested seeds in wheat. Seed Sci Technol, 32: 583-592.
23. Sudyova V., S. Slikova, Z. Galova, 2002. Testing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) callus to salt tolerance. Acta Fytotechn Zootechn, 3: 67-71.
24. Sultana N., T. Ikeda, M.A. Kashem, 2000. Amelioration of NaCl stress by gibberellic acid in wheat seedling. Bulletin of Faclty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 52(2): 71-76.
25. Tal M. 1993. In vitro methodology for increasing salt tolerance in crop plants. Acta Hortic, 336: 69-78.
26. Winicov I. 1996. Characterization of rice (Oryza sativa L.) plants regenerated from salt-tolerant cell lines. Plant Sci, 113: 105-111.
27. Zair I., A. Chlyah, K. Sabounji, M. Tittahsen, and H. Chlyah, 2003. Salt tolerance improvement in some wheat cultivars after application of in vitro selection pressure. Plant Cell Tiss Org, 73: 237-244.
28. Zhu J-K. 2001. Plant salt tolerance. Trends Plant Sci, 6(2): 66-71.