BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Türkiye’nin Yarı-Kurak Yüksek Alanlarında Kılçıksız Bromda (Bromus inermis Leyss.) Bir Çalışma

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 47 - 55, 25.07.2015
https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.67112

Öz

Kılçıksız brom serin iklim yem bitkisi olarak  mera ve ot üretimi için kullanılan çok yönlü bir yem bitkisidir. Bu yem bitkisi çok yıllık, şişkinlik yapmama ve kurağa dayanma gibi üstün özelliklere haizdir.  Bu özelliklere ilaveten ilkbaharda erken gelişme ve otlatmaya dayanım bu türün istenen diğer özellikleridir. Bu bahsedilen özellikler sebebiyle meraların iyileştirilmesi için yapılacak ekim veya üstten tohumlamalarda kullanılabilen kılçıksız brom çeşitlerinin geliştirilmesi yarı kurak bölge için çok önemli bir işlevdir. Genel olarak kılçıksız brom Türkiye’de bilinmemekte ve yetiştirilmemektedir. Bu nedenle çiftçiye tanıtılmalıdır. Bu ıslah çalışması, mevcut lokal kılçıksız brom (Bromus inermis Leyss.) genetik materyalin incelenmesi,  değerlendirilmesi ve yeni bir çeşit geliştirilmesi amaçlı olarak planlanmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışmanın başlangıcında gözlem bahçesi oluşturulmuş ve burada mevcut hatlar  incelenmiştir.  Üstün özellik gösteren hatlar seçilmiş ve yeni bir  çeşit adayı (lokal genotip, G-460) olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada toptan seleksiyon metodu uygulanmıştır. Daha sonra belirlenen çeşit adayı ve   popülasyon  2007-2009 yılları arasında Ankara ili Haymana ve Yenimahalle lokasyonlarında kurulan 8 tekerrürlü iki denemede bazı morfolojik ve tarımsal özellikler yönünden incelenmiştir. Kayıt edilen morfolojik özellikler ana sap uzunluğu, ana sap kalınlığı, ana saptaki boğum sayısı, bayrak yaprağın uzunluğu ve genişliğidir. Yeşil ve kuru ot verimleri önemli tarımsal özellikler olarak belirlenmiştir. Tüm deneme verileri istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmiştir ve iki genotipin incelenen özellikleri t testiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. İki genotip arasında takip eden özellikler açısından fark bulunmamıştır. Genotip G-460 ve popülasyonun ana sap uzunluğu ve ana sap kalınlığı sırayla 71.06 ve 70.92 cm; 4.06 ve 3.99 mm olarak bulunmuştur. Genotip G-460 ve popülasyonun yeşil ot ve kuru ot verimleri sırayla 499.4 ve 511.6 kg/da; 145.9 ve 146.3 kg/da olarak tespit edilmiştir. Genotip G-460 ve popülasyonun ham protein oranı ve nispi yem değeri iki lokasyonun 2009 yılı değerleri sırayla % 19.74 ve % 19.86; 113.96 ve 113.82 olmuştur. Sonuç olarak G-460 genotipi adaptasyon, verim ve kalite açısından popülasyonla aynı özellik göstermiştir. Bu G-460  genotipi için  iyi bir performans  olarak yorumlanabilir.  Böylece bu genotip  çiftçinin kaliteli kaba yem ihtiyacını giderme yönünde yararlı olacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz E., 1991. Forage crops, Uludağ University publication, number: 7-025-0210, Bursa.
  • Albayrak S. and Ekiz H., 2004. The determination of features related to hay yield with correlation coefficient and path analysis on some perennial forage crops. Agricultural Science Journal 10 (3): 250-257.
  • Albayrak S., Türk M., Yüksel O. and Yılmaz M., 2011. Forage Yield and the Quality of Perennial Legume –Grass Mixtures under Rainfed Conditions. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj, 2011, 39(1):114-118.
  • Albayrak S. and Türk M., 2013. Changes in the forage yield and quality of legume–grass mixtures throughout a vegetation period Turk J Agric For 37: 139-147.
  • Anonymous 2007. Soil analysis results of trails in Haymana. Central Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Research Institute, Ankara .
  • Anonymous 2009. The climatic data of Sivas province. The General Director of State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Anonymous 2013. The summary agricultural statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey.
  • Bor N.L., 1970. Gramineae. Tribus VII. Triticeae Dumort, pp. 147-244. In K. H. Rechinger (ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 70, Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstal, Graz, Austria.
  • Casler M.D. and Carlson I.T., 1995. Smooth Bromegrass. Edi: Barnes R.F., D. A. Miller and C. J. Nelson Forages pp. 313-324.
  • Davis P.H., 1970. Flora of Turkey, Vol. 9. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 22 George Square, Edinburg. Pg., 300-301.
  • Jensen K.B., Waldron B.L., Robins J.G., 2006. Cool season perennial grasses for hay. Research Geneticists, USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab, Logan, UT 84322-6300. pp.8.
  • Kutlu R. H. 2008. The techniques of feed evaluation and analysis (lecture note) Cukurova University Agr. Fac. Animal Husbandary Department pp. 10, Adana.
  • May K.W., Stout D. G., Willms W. D., Mir Z., Coulman B., Fairey N. A., and Hall, J.W. 1998. Growth and forage quality of three Bromus species native to western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 597–603.
  • Nevski S.A., 1934. Tribe Hordeae. pg. 369-579. In V.L. marov (ed.) Flora of the USSR. Vol. II. Israel Program Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Prosperi J.M., Angevain M., Bonnin I., Chaulet E., Genier G., Jenczewski E., Olivieri I. and Ronfort J., 1996. Genetic diversity, preservation and use of genetic resources of Mediterranean legumes: Alfalfa and Medics. The Genus Medicago in the Mediterranean Region : Current Situation and Prospects in Research, Vol: 18. Cahiers Options Mediterranean, CIHEAM, pp.,189.
  • Serin Y., 1996a. A study on effect of various row distances and fertilization rates on hay yield and crude protein yield of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) under the rainfed condition of Erzurum province. Turkey 3. Meadow –Rangeland and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June 1996, p.384-392. Atatürk University Agricultural Faculty, Erzurum.
  • Serin Y., 1996b. A study on effect of various row distances and fertilization rates on hay yield and crude protein yield of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) under the irrigated condition of Erzurum province. Turkey 3. Meadow - Rangeland and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June 1996, p.564-570. Atatürk University Agricultural Faculty, Erzurum.
  • Serin Y., Şeker H., Tan M., Gökkuş A., Koç A., Erkovan H.İ. and Bulut S., 2001. Determination on biometric features of yield and some yield components of Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) clones. Turkey 4. Field Crops Congress, 17-21 September 2001 vol.(3) p. 193-198. Trakya University Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
  • Starkey D. L., Shroyer J.P., Fick, W. H. and Harbers, L.H., 1993. Effects of Early-Cutting Management on Forage Yield and Qualıty of Alfalfa in Northeast Kansas. Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, pp., 1-6.
  • Ünal, S., Doğruyol, L. and H.K. Fırıncıoğlu, 2003. The annual report of the project of Germplasm enhancement of some plant species for use in the rehabilitation of the Central Anatolia Rangelands. Field Crops Central Research Institute (Unpublished report).

A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 47 - 55, 25.07.2015
https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.67112

Öz

As a cool-season grass smooth bromegrass is a versatile forage crop both for rangeland purpose and herbage production. This forage crop has the superior properties as perennial life form, bloat-freeness and drought resistance. Moreover, early growth in spring and good persistence to grazing are the other desirable aspects of this species. For those reasons, the development of smooth bromegrass varieties for planted pasture or over-sowing of native pastures for restoration is a crucial task for the semi–arid region. Smooth bromegrass isn’t commonly known and grown in Turkey. Therefore, it needs to be introduced to the farmers.  This breeding study was designed  to aim at  examining, evaluating and improving a new variety on present bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) local material.  For this reason, at the beginning of the study, nursery plot was established and present lines were observed in it. Superior lines were selected and determined as the candidate of a new variety (local genotype, G-460). Mass selection method was implemented in this trial. Later, candidate variety determined and population were observed at two trials with 8 replications  on some morphological and agronomical properties from 2007 to  2009 in  Haymana and Yenimahale locations of  Ankara province. The recorded morphological properties were main stem length, main stem thickness, length of internode, node numbers in main stem, length and width of flag leaf. Herbage and hay yields were determined as major agronomical properties. All data were statistically analyzed and measured properties of two genotypes were compared by t test. There found no significant differences among the studied genotypes on the following properties. Main stem length, and main stem thickness of G-460 and population had 71.06 and 70.92 cm; 4.06 and 3.99 mm for the two years, respectively. Herbage and hay yields of G-460 and population were 499.4 and 511.6 kg/da; 145.9 and 146.3 kg/da in the final two years of study, respectively. Crude protein content and relative feeding value of G-460 and population were 19.74 and 19.86%; 113.96 and 113.82 in 2009 at two locations, respectively.  As  a result, genotype G-460 had similar adaptation capability,   yield potential and feed quality as much as population’s.  This can be considered a good performance for genotype G-460. So this genotype will be useful for meeting the requirement of high quality feed of farmer.

Kaynakça

  • Açıkgöz E., 1991. Forage crops, Uludağ University publication, number: 7-025-0210, Bursa.
  • Albayrak S. and Ekiz H., 2004. The determination of features related to hay yield with correlation coefficient and path analysis on some perennial forage crops. Agricultural Science Journal 10 (3): 250-257.
  • Albayrak S., Türk M., Yüksel O. and Yılmaz M., 2011. Forage Yield and the Quality of Perennial Legume –Grass Mixtures under Rainfed Conditions. Not Bot Hort Agrobot Cluj, 2011, 39(1):114-118.
  • Albayrak S. and Türk M., 2013. Changes in the forage yield and quality of legume–grass mixtures throughout a vegetation period Turk J Agric For 37: 139-147.
  • Anonymous 2007. Soil analysis results of trails in Haymana. Central Soil, Fertilizer and Water Resources Research Institute, Ankara .
  • Anonymous 2009. The climatic data of Sivas province. The General Director of State Meteorological Service, Ankara, Turkey.
  • Anonymous 2013. The summary agricultural statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry Republic of Turkey.
  • Bor N.L., 1970. Gramineae. Tribus VII. Triticeae Dumort, pp. 147-244. In K. H. Rechinger (ed.) Flora Iranica, Vol. 70, Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstal, Graz, Austria.
  • Casler M.D. and Carlson I.T., 1995. Smooth Bromegrass. Edi: Barnes R.F., D. A. Miller and C. J. Nelson Forages pp. 313-324.
  • Davis P.H., 1970. Flora of Turkey, Vol. 9. University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 22 George Square, Edinburg. Pg., 300-301.
  • Jensen K.B., Waldron B.L., Robins J.G., 2006. Cool season perennial grasses for hay. Research Geneticists, USDA-ARS Forage and Range Research Lab, Logan, UT 84322-6300. pp.8.
  • Kutlu R. H. 2008. The techniques of feed evaluation and analysis (lecture note) Cukurova University Agr. Fac. Animal Husbandary Department pp. 10, Adana.
  • May K.W., Stout D. G., Willms W. D., Mir Z., Coulman B., Fairey N. A., and Hall, J.W. 1998. Growth and forage quality of three Bromus species native to western Canada. Can. J. Plant Sci. 78: 597–603.
  • Nevski S.A., 1934. Tribe Hordeae. pg. 369-579. In V.L. marov (ed.) Flora of the USSR. Vol. II. Israel Program Scientific Translations, Jerusalem, Israel.
  • Prosperi J.M., Angevain M., Bonnin I., Chaulet E., Genier G., Jenczewski E., Olivieri I. and Ronfort J., 1996. Genetic diversity, preservation and use of genetic resources of Mediterranean legumes: Alfalfa and Medics. The Genus Medicago in the Mediterranean Region : Current Situation and Prospects in Research, Vol: 18. Cahiers Options Mediterranean, CIHEAM, pp.,189.
  • Serin Y., 1996a. A study on effect of various row distances and fertilization rates on hay yield and crude protein yield of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) under the rainfed condition of Erzurum province. Turkey 3. Meadow –Rangeland and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June 1996, p.384-392. Atatürk University Agricultural Faculty, Erzurum.
  • Serin Y., 1996b. A study on effect of various row distances and fertilization rates on hay yield and crude protein yield of smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) under the irrigated condition of Erzurum province. Turkey 3. Meadow - Rangeland and Forage Crops Congress, 17-19 June 1996, p.564-570. Atatürk University Agricultural Faculty, Erzurum.
  • Serin Y., Şeker H., Tan M., Gökkuş A., Koç A., Erkovan H.İ. and Bulut S., 2001. Determination on biometric features of yield and some yield components of Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis Leyss) clones. Turkey 4. Field Crops Congress, 17-21 September 2001 vol.(3) p. 193-198. Trakya University Agricultural Faculty, Tekirdağ, Turkey.
  • Starkey D. L., Shroyer J.P., Fick, W. H. and Harbers, L.H., 1993. Effects of Early-Cutting Management on Forage Yield and Qualıty of Alfalfa in Northeast Kansas. Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service, pp., 1-6.
  • Ünal, S., Doğruyol, L. and H.K. Fırıncıoğlu, 2003. The annual report of the project of Germplasm enhancement of some plant species for use in the rehabilitation of the Central Anatolia Rangelands. Field Crops Central Research Institute (Unpublished report).
Toplam 20 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Sabahaddin Ünal

Ziya Mutlu Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Ünal, S., & Mutlu, Z. (2015). A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(1), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.67112
AMA Ünal S, Mutlu Z. A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. Temmuz 2015;24(1):47-55. doi:10.21566/tbmaed.67112
Chicago Ünal, Sabahaddin, ve Ziya Mutlu. “A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 24, sy. 1 (Temmuz 2015): 47-55. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.67112.
EndNote Ünal S, Mutlu Z (01 Temmuz 2015) A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 24 1 47–55.
IEEE S. Ünal ve Z. Mutlu, “A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey”, Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 1, ss. 47–55, 2015, doi: 10.21566/tbmaed.67112.
ISNAD Ünal, Sabahaddin - Mutlu, Ziya. “A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi 24/1 (Temmuz 2015), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.21566/tbmaed.67112.
JAMA Ünal S, Mutlu Z. A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;24:47–55.
MLA Ünal, Sabahaddin ve Ziya Mutlu. “A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus Inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey”. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 24, sy. 1, 2015, ss. 47-55, doi:10.21566/tbmaed.67112.
Vancouver Ünal S, Mutlu Z. A Study in Smooth Bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) in the Semi-Arid of Turkey. Tarla Bitkileri Merkez Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2015;24(1):47-55.