Araştırma Makalesi
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Attic Black-Glazed Wares from the Sector of Artemis at Claros

Yıl 2021, , 11 - 47, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54930/TARE.2021.1

Öz

This study focuses on Attic black-glazed wares recovered from temples and altars dedicated to Artemis in the Sanctuary of Apollo at Claros during campaigns from 2001 until 2006. Claros was one of the three major oracles of Antiquity, where Artemis and Leto were worshipped alongside Apollo. Archaeological evidence demonstrates that the goddess was worshipped continuously from the eighth/seventh century BCE until the abandonment of the sanctuary in the fourth century CE. Attic black-glazed ware appears to be the most prevalent pottery type at Claros during the fifth and the fourth centuries BCE, when it was produced and circulated widely across the ancient world. Pottery recovered at sanctuaries is significant because it reveals not only the characteristics and development of cults but also the socioeconomic and cultural structure, as well as commercial networks, of the cities of these sanctuaries.

Kaynakça

  • Thukydides. Peloponnesos Savaşları. Translated by Furkan Akderin. Istanbul: Belge Yayınları, 2010.
  • Akar Tanrıver, Duygu Sevil. “Apollon Klarios Kültü, Kehanet Pratikleri ve Adaklar.” PhD diss., Ege University, 2009.
  • Akar Tanrıver, Duygu Sevil. “Klaros’ta Theoksenia.” In Metropolis İonia II. Yolların Kesiştiği Yer: Recep Meriç için Yazılar, edited by Serdar Aybek and Ali Kazım Öz, 19–23. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi, 2010.
  • Bailey, Donald M. A Catalogue of the Lamps in the British Museum I: Greek, Hellenistic and Early Roman Pottery Lamps. London: British Museum Publications Ltd., 1975.
  • Beazley, John D. “Panathenaica.” American Journal of Archaeology 47, no. 4 (1943): 441–65.
  • Blondé, Francine. “Un Remblai Thasien du IV siècle avant notre ère.” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 109, no. 1 (1985): 281–344.
  • Boardman, John. “Old Smyrna: The Attic Pottery.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 53/54 (1958/1959): 152–81.
  • Bookidis, Nancy, Julie Hansen, Lynn Snyder, and Paul Goldberg. “Dining in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 68, no. 1 (January–March 1999): 1–54.
  • Boulter, Cedric. “Pottery of the Mid-Fifth Century from a Well in the Athenian Agora.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 22, no. 2 (April–June 1953): 59–115.
  • Boyana, Hülya. “Vergi Listelerine Göre Attika-Delos Deniz Birliği ve İonia ile İlişkileri.” Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 21, no. 1 (2006): 19–48.
  • Brann, Eva T. H. Late Geometric and Protoattic Pottery: Mid 8th to Late 7th Century B.C. The Athenian Agora 8. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1962.
  • Coldstream, John Nicolas. Geometric Greece 900–700 BC. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Cook, Robert M. The Greeks till Alexander. London: Thames and Hudson, 1961.
  • Cook, John M. “Old Smyrna: Fourth-Century Black Glaze.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 60 (1965): 143–53.
  • Corbett, Peter E. “Attic Pottery of the Later Fifth Century from the Athenian Agora.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 18, no. 4 (1949): 298–351.
  • Corbett, Peter E. “Palmette Stamps from an Attic Black Glaze Workshop.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 24, no. 3 (June–September 1955): 172–86.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 1999.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion’da Bulunan M.Ö. 5. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” OLBA 10 (2004): 89–135.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion’da M.Ö. 4. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” OLBA 13 (2006): 83–114.
  • Dallık, Gülşah. “Klaros MÖ 4. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 2009.
  • Dewailly, Martine, Marianne Pécasse, and Stéphane Verger. “Les sculptures archaïques de Claros.” Monuments et mémoires de la Fondation Eugène Piot 83 (2004): 5–59.
  • Dewailly, Martine. “La ceramica attica per Artemide nel santuario di Apollo a Claros (metà VI – fine IV secolo a.c.).” In Ceramica attica santuari della Grecia, della Ionie e dell’Italia, edited by Simona Fortunelli and Concetta Masseria, 13–30. Venosa: Osanna, 2009.
  • Ekroth, Gunnel. “Sacred Meals in Ancient Greece? Dining in Domestic Settings as Compared to Sanctuaries.” In The Eucharist – Its Origins and Contexts: Sacred Meal, Communal Meal, Table Fellowship in Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity, edited by David Hellholm and Dieter Sänger, 1389–411. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017.
  • Étienne, Roland, and Pierre Varène. Sanctuaire de Claros: L’Architecture; Les propylées et les monuments de la voie sacrée; Fouilles de Louis et Jeanne Robert et Roland Martin, 1950–1961. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 2004.
  • Étienne, Roland, and Francis Prost. “Claros, des modèles delphique au pays les létoïdes.” Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Dergisi 12 (2008): 75–88.
  • Genière, Juliette de La. “Claros: Bilan provisoire de dix campagnes de fouilles.” Revue des Études Anciennes 100, no. 1–2 (1998): 235–68.
  • Gezgin, İsmail. Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemde Batı Anadolu. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “First Observations on the Black Glazed Pottery at Claros.” In Le Sanctuaire de Claros et son Oracle, edited by Jean-Charles Moretti and Liliane Rabatel, 123–32. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 2014.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “The Cult of Artemis at Klaros in Relation with the Worship of the Goddess in Western Anatolia and Greece.” PhD diss., Koç University, 2017.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “Development of the Oracular Sanctuary of Apollo at Klaros in Relation to Theories of Greek Extra-Urban Sanctuaries.” In Prof. Dr. Nuran Şahin’e Armağan Kitabı Epiphaneia, edited by Onur Zunal, Yasemin Polat, Hüseyin Cevizoğlu, Gül Gürtekin Demir, Gürcan Polat, Gülşah Günata, Elçin Doğan Gürbüzer, and Cennet Pişkin Ayvazoğlu, 201–10. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2018.
  • Gürsoy, Emir. “Bayraklı’nın 4. yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Seramiği.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 1987.
  • Hasdağlı, İlkan. “Bir Deneme Parçası Işığında Doğu Thrakia’da Attika Taklidi Siyah Firnisli Seramik Üretimi.” Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 13 (January 2017): 42–66.
  • Howland, Richard Hubbard. Greek Lamps and Their Survivals. The Athenian Agora 4. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1958.
  • Meiggs, Russell. “The Crisis of Athenian Imperialism.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 67 (1963): 1–36.
  • Miller, Margaret C. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Müller, Christel and Francis Prost. “Un décret du koinon des Ioniens trouvé à Claros.” Chiron. Mitteilungen der Kommission für alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 43 (2013): 93–126.
  • Olmstead, Albert T. “Persia and the Greek Frontier Problem.” Classical Philology 34, no. 4 (October 1939): 305–22.
  • Robert, Louis. “Fouilles de Claros 1959.” Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 10, no. 1 (1960): 58–59.
  • Robinson, David M. Excavations at Olynthus, Part 13: Vases Found in 1934 and 1938. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Archaeology 38. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1950.
  • Rousset, Denis. “Eski Kolophon ve Deniz Üzerindeki Kolophon’un Klasik ve Hellenistik Dönem Tarihi ve Kurumları.” In Prof. Dr. Nuran Şahin’e Armağan Kitabı Epiphaneia, edited by Onur Zunal, Yasemin Polat, Hüseyin Cevizoğlu, Gül Gürtekin Demir, Gürcan Polat, Gülşah Günata, Elçin Doğan Gürbüzer, and Cennet Pişkin Ayvazoğlu, 315–29. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2018.
  • Sezgin, Yusuf. “Apollon Klarios Kutsal Alanı Artemis Sektörü 2003–2004 Yılı Çalışmaları.” Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Dergisi 12 (2008): 191–203.
  • Simon, Christopher George. “The Archaic Votive Offerings and Cults of Ionia.” PhD Diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1986.
  • Sparkes, Brian, and Lucy Talcott. Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th and 4th Centuries B.C. The Athenian Agora 12. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1970.
  • Şahin, Nuran. Klaros. Apollon Klarios Bilicilik Merkezi. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları, 1998.
  • Şahin, Nuran. “Apollon Klarios Bilicilik Merkezi.” In Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Kazıları, edited by Altan Çilingiroğlu, Zeynep Mercangöz, and Gürcan Polat, 247–72. Izmir: Arkadaş Matbaacılık, 2012.
  • Talcott, Lucy. “Attic Black Glazed Stamped Ware and Other Pottery from a Fifth Century Well.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 4, no. 3 (1935): 476–523.
  • Vanderpool, Eugene. “The Rectangular Rock-Cut Shaft.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 15, no. 4 (1946): 265–336.
  • Vries, Keith de. “Attic Pottery in the Achaemenid Empire.” American Journal of Archaeology 81, no. 4 (1977): 544–48.
  • Zunal, Onur. “Klaros Protogeometrik ve Geometrik Dönem Seramikleri.” PhD Diss., Ege University, 2014.

Klaros Artemis Sektöründen Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri

Yıl 2021, , 11 - 47, 30.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.54930/TARE.2021.1

Öz

Bu çalışmada Klaros Apollon Kutsal Alanı’nda, tanrıça Artemis’e adanmış tapınak ve sunak alanlarında 2001–2006 yılları arasında ele geçmiş siyah
firnisli Attika seramikleri incelenmektedir. Antik dönemin üç büyük kehanet merkezinden biri olan Klaros’ta Apollon dışında Artemis ve Leto da tapım görmekteydi. Arkeolojik veriler, tanrıçanın MÖ sekizinci/yedinci yüzyıldan kutsal alanın terk edildiği MS dördüncü yüzyıla kadar kesintisiz tapım gördüğünü göstermektedir. Çalışma konusunu oluşturan siyah firnisli Attika seramiklerinin antik dünyada yaygın olarak üretildiği ve kullanım gördüğü MÖ beşinci ve dördüncü yüzyıllarda Klaros’ta da baskın seramik türünü oluşturduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kutsal alanlarda ele geçen seramikler, kültün karakteri ve gelişimiyle birlikte kutsal alanın bağlı olduğu kentin kültürel, ekonomik ve sosyal yapısını ve ticari ilişkilerini ortaya koyması açısından önem taşımaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Thukydides. Peloponnesos Savaşları. Translated by Furkan Akderin. Istanbul: Belge Yayınları, 2010.
  • Akar Tanrıver, Duygu Sevil. “Apollon Klarios Kültü, Kehanet Pratikleri ve Adaklar.” PhD diss., Ege University, 2009.
  • Akar Tanrıver, Duygu Sevil. “Klaros’ta Theoksenia.” In Metropolis İonia II. Yolların Kesiştiği Yer: Recep Meriç için Yazılar, edited by Serdar Aybek and Ali Kazım Öz, 19–23. Istanbul: Homer Kitabevi, 2010.
  • Bailey, Donald M. A Catalogue of the Lamps in the British Museum I: Greek, Hellenistic and Early Roman Pottery Lamps. London: British Museum Publications Ltd., 1975.
  • Beazley, John D. “Panathenaica.” American Journal of Archaeology 47, no. 4 (1943): 441–65.
  • Blondé, Francine. “Un Remblai Thasien du IV siècle avant notre ère.” Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique 109, no. 1 (1985): 281–344.
  • Boardman, John. “Old Smyrna: The Attic Pottery.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 53/54 (1958/1959): 152–81.
  • Bookidis, Nancy, Julie Hansen, Lynn Snyder, and Paul Goldberg. “Dining in the Sanctuary of Demeter and Kore at Corinth.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 68, no. 1 (January–March 1999): 1–54.
  • Boulter, Cedric. “Pottery of the Mid-Fifth Century from a Well in the Athenian Agora.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 22, no. 2 (April–June 1953): 59–115.
  • Boyana, Hülya. “Vergi Listelerine Göre Attika-Delos Deniz Birliği ve İonia ile İlişkileri.” Tarih İncelemeleri Dergisi 21, no. 1 (2006): 19–48.
  • Brann, Eva T. H. Late Geometric and Protoattic Pottery: Mid 8th to Late 7th Century B.C. The Athenian Agora 8. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1962.
  • Coldstream, John Nicolas. Geometric Greece 900–700 BC. London: Routledge, 2003.
  • Cook, Robert M. The Greeks till Alexander. London: Thames and Hudson, 1961.
  • Cook, John M. “Old Smyrna: Fourth-Century Black Glaze.” The Annual of the British School at Athens 60 (1965): 143–53.
  • Corbett, Peter E. “Attic Pottery of the Later Fifth Century from the Athenian Agora.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 18, no. 4 (1949): 298–351.
  • Corbett, Peter E. “Palmette Stamps from an Attic Black Glaze Workshop.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 24, no. 3 (June–September 1955): 172–86.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 1999.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion’da Bulunan M.Ö. 5. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” OLBA 10 (2004): 89–135.
  • Coşkun, Gökhan. “Daskyleion’da M.Ö. 4. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” OLBA 13 (2006): 83–114.
  • Dallık, Gülşah. “Klaros MÖ 4. Yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 2009.
  • Dewailly, Martine, Marianne Pécasse, and Stéphane Verger. “Les sculptures archaïques de Claros.” Monuments et mémoires de la Fondation Eugène Piot 83 (2004): 5–59.
  • Dewailly, Martine. “La ceramica attica per Artemide nel santuario di Apollo a Claros (metà VI – fine IV secolo a.c.).” In Ceramica attica santuari della Grecia, della Ionie e dell’Italia, edited by Simona Fortunelli and Concetta Masseria, 13–30. Venosa: Osanna, 2009.
  • Ekroth, Gunnel. “Sacred Meals in Ancient Greece? Dining in Domestic Settings as Compared to Sanctuaries.” In The Eucharist – Its Origins and Contexts: Sacred Meal, Communal Meal, Table Fellowship in Late Antiquity, Early Judaism, and Early Christianity, edited by David Hellholm and Dieter Sänger, 1389–411. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2017.
  • Étienne, Roland, and Pierre Varène. Sanctuaire de Claros: L’Architecture; Les propylées et les monuments de la voie sacrée; Fouilles de Louis et Jeanne Robert et Roland Martin, 1950–1961. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 2004.
  • Étienne, Roland, and Francis Prost. “Claros, des modèles delphique au pays les létoïdes.” Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Dergisi 12 (2008): 75–88.
  • Genière, Juliette de La. “Claros: Bilan provisoire de dix campagnes de fouilles.” Revue des Études Anciennes 100, no. 1–2 (1998): 235–68.
  • Gezgin, İsmail. Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemde Batı Anadolu. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık, 2006.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “First Observations on the Black Glazed Pottery at Claros.” In Le Sanctuaire de Claros et son Oracle, edited by Jean-Charles Moretti and Liliane Rabatel, 123–32. Lyon: Maison de l’Orient et de la Méditerranée, 2014.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “The Cult of Artemis at Klaros in Relation with the Worship of the Goddess in Western Anatolia and Greece.” PhD diss., Koç University, 2017.
  • Günata, Gülşah. “Development of the Oracular Sanctuary of Apollo at Klaros in Relation to Theories of Greek Extra-Urban Sanctuaries.” In Prof. Dr. Nuran Şahin’e Armağan Kitabı Epiphaneia, edited by Onur Zunal, Yasemin Polat, Hüseyin Cevizoğlu, Gül Gürtekin Demir, Gürcan Polat, Gülşah Günata, Elçin Doğan Gürbüzer, and Cennet Pişkin Ayvazoğlu, 201–10. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2018.
  • Gürsoy, Emir. “Bayraklı’nın 4. yüzyıl Siyah Firnisli Seramiği.” Master’s thesis, Ege University, 1987.
  • Hasdağlı, İlkan. “Bir Deneme Parçası Işığında Doğu Thrakia’da Attika Taklidi Siyah Firnisli Seramik Üretimi.” Trakya Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 7, no. 13 (January 2017): 42–66.
  • Howland, Richard Hubbard. Greek Lamps and Their Survivals. The Athenian Agora 4. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1958.
  • Meiggs, Russell. “The Crisis of Athenian Imperialism.” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 67 (1963): 1–36.
  • Miller, Margaret C. Athens and Persia in the Fifth Century BC: A Study in Cultural Receptivity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
  • Müller, Christel and Francis Prost. “Un décret du koinon des Ioniens trouvé à Claros.” Chiron. Mitteilungen der Kommission für alte Geschichte und Epigraphik des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts 43 (2013): 93–126.
  • Olmstead, Albert T. “Persia and the Greek Frontier Problem.” Classical Philology 34, no. 4 (October 1939): 305–22.
  • Robert, Louis. “Fouilles de Claros 1959.” Türk Arkeoloji Dergisi 10, no. 1 (1960): 58–59.
  • Robinson, David M. Excavations at Olynthus, Part 13: Vases Found in 1934 and 1938. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Archaeology 38. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1950.
  • Rousset, Denis. “Eski Kolophon ve Deniz Üzerindeki Kolophon’un Klasik ve Hellenistik Dönem Tarihi ve Kurumları.” In Prof. Dr. Nuran Şahin’e Armağan Kitabı Epiphaneia, edited by Onur Zunal, Yasemin Polat, Hüseyin Cevizoğlu, Gül Gürtekin Demir, Gürcan Polat, Gülşah Günata, Elçin Doğan Gürbüzer, and Cennet Pişkin Ayvazoğlu, 315–29. Izmir: Ege Üniversitesi Yayınları, 2018.
  • Sezgin, Yusuf. “Apollon Klarios Kutsal Alanı Artemis Sektörü 2003–2004 Yılı Çalışmaları.” Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Dergisi 12 (2008): 191–203.
  • Simon, Christopher George. “The Archaic Votive Offerings and Cults of Ionia.” PhD Diss., University of California, Berkeley, 1986.
  • Sparkes, Brian, and Lucy Talcott. Black and Plain Pottery of the 6th, 5th and 4th Centuries B.C. The Athenian Agora 12. Princeton: The American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 1970.
  • Şahin, Nuran. Klaros. Apollon Klarios Bilicilik Merkezi. Istanbul: Ege Yayınları, 1998.
  • Şahin, Nuran. “Apollon Klarios Bilicilik Merkezi.” In Ege Üniversitesi Arkeoloji Kazıları, edited by Altan Çilingiroğlu, Zeynep Mercangöz, and Gürcan Polat, 247–72. Izmir: Arkadaş Matbaacılık, 2012.
  • Talcott, Lucy. “Attic Black Glazed Stamped Ware and Other Pottery from a Fifth Century Well.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 4, no. 3 (1935): 476–523.
  • Vanderpool, Eugene. “The Rectangular Rock-Cut Shaft.” Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens 15, no. 4 (1946): 265–336.
  • Vries, Keith de. “Attic Pottery in the Achaemenid Empire.” American Journal of Archaeology 81, no. 4 (1977): 544–48.
  • Zunal, Onur. “Klaros Protogeometrik ve Geometrik Dönem Seramikleri.” PhD Diss., Ege University, 2014.
Toplam 49 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Arkeoloji
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gülşah Günata

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 12 Mayıs 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Günata, Gülşah. “Klaros Artemis Sektöründen Siyah Firnisli Attika Seramikleri”. TARE: Türk Arkeoloji Ve Kültürel Miras Enstitüsü Dergisi, sy. 1 (Aralık 2021): 11-47. https://doi.org/10.54930/TARE.2021.1.