Araştırma Makalesi

Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye

Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2 19 Aralık 2025
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Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye

Öz

Purpose: This study forecasts the agricultural productivity of five major crops—wheat, barley, maize, sunflower, and cotton—in Türkiye from 1962 to 2022, using climate variables alone and in combination with economic inputs. Design/Methodology/Approach: A panel dataset was constructed by matching annual crop yields with seasonal and annual temperature and precipitation variables, including lagged climate indicators. Two model configurations were tested: (i) climate-only and (ii) climate plus economic controls (fertilizer use, capital stock, labor). Three supervised learning models—Linear Regression, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting—were evaluated using forward-chaining time-series cross-validation. Findings: Gradient Boosting with economic controls achieved the best out-of-sample performance (R² = 0.44, MAE = 547.8 kg/ha), followed by Random Forest. Climate-only versions of the same models yielded substantially lower accuracy (e.g., Gradient Boosting R² = 0.16), highlighting the added predictive value of structural inputs. Feature importance analysis identified growing season temperature as the most influential climate variable, while fertilizer, capital, and labor emerged as key predictors when included. Originality/Value: This study introduces a robust, time-aware machine learning framework for forecasting crop yields under climate variability. By integrating economic inputs, it enhances predictive accuracy and offers practical insights to support data-driven agricultural planning under climate uncertainty.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaynakça

  1. Açci, Y., Uçar, E., Uçar, M. and Açci, R.C. (2024), “Evaluating the relationship between climate change, food prices, and poverty: empirical evidence from underdeveloped countries”, Environment Development and Sustainability
  2. Altinsoy, H., Kurt, C. and Kurnaz, M.L. (2012), “Analysis of the effect of climate change on the yield of crops in Turkey using a statistical approach”, Springer Atmospheric Sciences, pp. 379–384.
  3. Bakırcı, G.T. and Çakır, Ö. (2023), “Evaluation of climate change in the scope of agriculture and food”, Akademik Gıda, 2024, pp. 57-64.
  4. Bozdağ, A. (2021), “Local-based mapping of carbon footprint variation in Turkey using artificial neural networks”, Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 14(6), pp.486.
  5. Breiman, L. (2001), “Random forests”, *Machine Learning*, Vol. 45 No. 1, pp.5–32.
  6. Cramer, W., Guiot, J., Fader, M., Garrabou, J., Gattuso, J.-P., Iglesias, A., Lange, M.A., Lionello, P., Llasat, M.C., Paz, S. et al. (2018), “Climate change and interconnected risks to sustainable development in the Mediterranean”, Nature Climate Change, 8(11), pp.972–980.
  7. Deschênes, O. and Greenstone, M. (2007), “The Economic Impacts of Climate Change: Evidence from Agricultural Output and Random Fluctuations in Weather”, American Economic Review, Vol. 97 No. 1, pp. 354–385.
  8. FAO (2023) FAOSTAT: Turkey – Crops and Livestock Products, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Available at: https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#country/223 (Accessed: 29 April 2025).

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tarım Politikaları, Tarım Ekonomisi (Diğer)

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

19 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

15 Mayıs 2025

Kabul Tarihi

1 Eylül 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 31 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kaleli, B. A. (2025). Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 31(2), 271-283. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1699618
AMA
1.Kaleli BA. Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye. TED - TJAE. 2025;31(2):271-283. doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1699618
Chicago
Kaleli, Burç Arslan. 2025. “Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31 (2): 271-83. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1699618.
EndNote
Kaleli BA (01 Aralık 2025) Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31 2 271–283.
IEEE
[1]B. A. Kaleli, “Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye”, TED - TJAE, c. 31, sy 2, ss. 271–283, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.24181/tarekoder.1699618.
ISNAD
Kaleli, Burç Arslan. “Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 31/2 (01 Aralık 2025): 271-283. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.1699618.
JAMA
1.Kaleli BA. Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye. TED - TJAE. 2025;31:271–283.
MLA
Kaleli, Burç Arslan. “Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, c. 31, sy 2, Aralık 2025, ss. 271-83, doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1699618.
Vancouver
1.Burç Arslan Kaleli. Forecasting crop yields with climate and economic variables: A machine learning approach for Türkiye. TED - TJAE. 01 Aralık 2025;31(2):271-83. doi:10.24181/tarekoder.1699618

              

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