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Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 101 - 112, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.990296

Öz

Purpose: To investigate problems faced by agricultural product exporters of Afghanistan and propose solutions with the help of a questionnaire

Design/Methodology/Approach: The data obtained for this study were prepared from primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected through questionnaires with exporters of agricultural products in Kabul province. Part of the interview part was conducted face-to-face, and some of the answers were collected from interviewees through the mail. The secondary data was obtained from reliable national and international organizations’ websites. According to the 18-year data obtained in the study for Afghanistan, foreign trade has been analyzed and the calculations have been presented in %.

Findings: The main problems faced by the exporters of Afghanistan agricultural products are: lack of marketing services; the inadequacy of government support; taxes and customs clearance; transit transportation problems; the problem of adaptation to the global marketing system; ongoing civil war and security problems; problems in commercial relations with neighbors; problems related to education and communication; and lack of quality control systems. The main solutions for these problems include: effective and appropriate marketing services; following correct and reasonable policies regarding incentives to investors, tariffs, and customs fees; strengthening the country’s economic infrastructure; construction of highways and establishment of an appropriate transit transportation system; increasing security measures; and increasing the added value of domestic export items. Eliminating the problems of exporters will increase the export potential of the country and enable it to be used better.

Originality / value: Agriculture is the main sector in Afghanistan's economy, and agricultural products constitute 65.8% of the country's total exports. There are very limited studies on foreign trade, especially the export of agricultural products, in Afghanistan. The absence of studies addressing the problems of exporters adds value to this study.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadyar, T., 2020, Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce And İnvestment Director, Major Challenges of Afghanistan Exports.
  • Ahmadzai, R., 2010, Head of Public Relations and Development of Export Development Office in Afghanistan, Assess The Problems of The Export Sector, https://avapress.com, (Available date: 21.08.2021).
  • Bassam, Q., 2016. The Role Of Agriculture In The Economic Recovery Of Afghanistan – What Has To Change Now To Improve The Situation?. May, 2016.
  • Bolton, L., 2019. Agriculture In Afghanistan – Economic Sustainability and Sub-Sector Viability, Knowledge Evidence and Learning for Development, Help Desk Report.
  • Country Economy, 2018. Demographic and Economy, Afghanistan, 2000-2018. https://countryeconomy.com, (Available Date: 19.04.2019).
  • European Union, 2021. Trade in Goods with Afghanistan, Afghanistan Trade With World, 2018.
  • Jamali, A., 2018, Obstacles to Afghanistan's Exports, The Daily Afghanistan, http://dailyafghanistan.com , (Available date: 29.08.2021).
  • Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Private Sector Development General Directorate (2014), Investment Opportunities in Afghanistan.
  • Muradi, A. J. 2018. The Contribution of Agriculture Sector in the Economy of Afghanistan.
  • Nations Encyclopedia, 2009, Afghanistan Agriculture, https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com, (Available Date: 17.04.2019).
  • NSIA (National Statistics and Information Authority), 2019. Agriculture Economy Statistics, Annual Trade. 2011-2018. https://nsia.gov.af, (Available Date: 03.01.2021).
  • NSIA (National Statistics and Information Authority), 2021. Agriculture Economy Statistics, Annual Trade. 2019-2020. https://nsia.gov.af, (Available Date: 05.04.2021).
  • Terzi, O., Artukoğlu, M., 2021, A Study on Farmers' Approaches on Input Supply and Marketing of Agricultural Products, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics.
  • The Business Owner Toolkit, 2019. Economic and Political Overview, Afghanistan, https://sme.alawwalbank.com/en, (Available Date: 13.04.2019).
  • The Global Economy, 2019, Afghanistan GDP Share of Agriculture 2002-2018. https://www.theglobaleconomy.com, (Available Date: 18.04.2019).
  • The World Bank, 2021. Afghanistan agricultural data. (Available Date: 02.05.2021).
  • UNFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nation), 2021, Faostat Data, Afghanistan 2019.
  • World Trade Organizations, 2020. Afghanistan Trade Profile States, 2017, https://www.wto.org , (Available Date: 02.05.2020).

Tarım Ürünü İhracatçılarının Karşılaştıkları Sorunlar ve Çözüm Önerileri: Afganistan Örneği

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2, 101 - 112, 31.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.990296

Öz

Amaç: Afganistan'ın tarım ürünleri ihracatçılarının karşılaştığı sorunları ve çözüm önerilerini anket formu yardımı ile ortaya koyarak, sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerileri geliştirmektir.


Tasarım/Yöntem/Yaklaşım:
Bu çalışma için elde edilen veriler birincil ve ikincil verilerden hazırlanmıştır. Birincil veriler, Kabil ilindeki tarım ürünleri ihracatçıları ile yapılan anketler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Görüşme kısmı yüz yüze yapılmış, sorular ve cevapların bir kısmı görüşülen kişilerden mail yoluyla toplanmıştır. İkincil veriler güvenilir ulusal ve uluslararası kuruluşların web sitelerinden elde edilmiştir. Afganistan için yapılan çalışmada elde edilen 18 yıllık verilere göre dış ticaret analiz edilmiş ve hesaplamalar % olarak sunulmuştur.

Bulgular: Afganistan tarım ürünleri ihracatçılarının karşılaştığı başlıca sorunlar şunlardır: pazarlama hizmetlerinin yetersizliği, devlet desteğinin yetersizliği, vergiler ve gümrükleme, transit ulaşım sorunları, küresel pazarlama sistemine uyum sorunu, devam eden iç savaş ve güvenlik sorun, komşularla ticari ilişkilerde sorunlar, eğitim ve iletişimle ilgili sorunlar, kalite kontrol sisteminin olmaması. Bu sorunların başlıca çözümleri, etkin ve uygun pazarlama hizmetleri, yatırımcılara yönelik teşvikler, tarifeler ve gümrük ücretleri konusunda doğru ve makul politikaların izlenmesi, ülkenin ekonomik altyapısının güçlendirilmesi, karayollarının inşası ve uygun transit ulaşım sisteminin kurulması, güvenlik önlemlerinin artırılmasıdır. ve yurt içi ihracat kalemlerinin katma değerini artırmak olarak sıralanabilir. İhracatçıların sorunlarının giderilmesi ülkenin ihracat potansiyelini artıracak ve daha iyi kullanılmasını sağlayacaktır.

Özgünlük / değer : Tarım sektörü Afganistan ekonomisi içinde temel sektör konumunda olup, Tarım ürünleri, ülkenin toplam ihracatının %65.8'ini oluşturmaktadır. Afganistan'da dış ticaret, özellikle tarım ürünlerinin ihracatı konusunda çok sınırlı çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. İhracatçıların sorunlarını ele alan çalışmaların olmayışı çalışmaya aynı bir değer katmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmadyar, T., 2020, Afghanistan Chamber of Commerce And İnvestment Director, Major Challenges of Afghanistan Exports.
  • Ahmadzai, R., 2010, Head of Public Relations and Development of Export Development Office in Afghanistan, Assess The Problems of The Export Sector, https://avapress.com, (Available date: 21.08.2021).
  • Bassam, Q., 2016. The Role Of Agriculture In The Economic Recovery Of Afghanistan – What Has To Change Now To Improve The Situation?. May, 2016.
  • Bolton, L., 2019. Agriculture In Afghanistan – Economic Sustainability and Sub-Sector Viability, Knowledge Evidence and Learning for Development, Help Desk Report.
  • Country Economy, 2018. Demographic and Economy, Afghanistan, 2000-2018. https://countryeconomy.com, (Available Date: 19.04.2019).
  • European Union, 2021. Trade in Goods with Afghanistan, Afghanistan Trade With World, 2018.
  • Jamali, A., 2018, Obstacles to Afghanistan's Exports, The Daily Afghanistan, http://dailyafghanistan.com , (Available date: 29.08.2021).
  • Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Private Sector Development General Directorate (2014), Investment Opportunities in Afghanistan.
  • Muradi, A. J. 2018. The Contribution of Agriculture Sector in the Economy of Afghanistan.
  • Nations Encyclopedia, 2009, Afghanistan Agriculture, https://www.nationsencyclopedia.com, (Available Date: 17.04.2019).
  • NSIA (National Statistics and Information Authority), 2019. Agriculture Economy Statistics, Annual Trade. 2011-2018. https://nsia.gov.af, (Available Date: 03.01.2021).
  • NSIA (National Statistics and Information Authority), 2021. Agriculture Economy Statistics, Annual Trade. 2019-2020. https://nsia.gov.af, (Available Date: 05.04.2021).
  • Terzi, O., Artukoğlu, M., 2021, A Study on Farmers' Approaches on Input Supply and Marketing of Agricultural Products, Turkish Journal of Agricultural Economics.
  • The Business Owner Toolkit, 2019. Economic and Political Overview, Afghanistan, https://sme.alawwalbank.com/en, (Available Date: 13.04.2019).
  • The Global Economy, 2019, Afghanistan GDP Share of Agriculture 2002-2018. https://www.theglobaleconomy.com, (Available Date: 18.04.2019).
  • The World Bank, 2021. Afghanistan agricultural data. (Available Date: 02.05.2021).
  • UNFAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nation), 2021, Faostat Data, Afghanistan 2019.
  • World Trade Organizations, 2020. Afghanistan Trade Profile States, 2017, https://www.wto.org , (Available Date: 02.05.2020).
Toplam 18 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği, İşletme
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Mohammad Sharif Rahimi 0000-0001-9173-8999

Metin Artukoğlu 0000-0003-4800-5209

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 13 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 27 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Rahimi, M. S., & Artukoğlu, M. (2021). Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, 27(2), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.990296
AMA Rahimi MS, Artukoğlu M. Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan. TED - TJAE. Aralık 2021;27(2):101-112. doi:10.24181/tarekoder.990296
Chicago Rahimi, Mohammad Sharif, ve Metin Artukoğlu. “Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 27, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 101-12. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.990296.
EndNote Rahimi MS, Artukoğlu M (01 Aralık 2021) Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 27 2 101–112.
IEEE M. S. Rahimi ve M. Artukoğlu, “Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan”, TED - TJAE, c. 27, sy. 2, ss. 101–112, 2021, doi: 10.24181/tarekoder.990296.
ISNAD Rahimi, Mohammad Sharif - Artukoğlu, Metin. “Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi 27/2 (Aralık 2021), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.24181/tarekoder.990296.
JAMA Rahimi MS, Artukoğlu M. Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan. TED - TJAE. 2021;27:101–112.
MLA Rahimi, Mohammad Sharif ve Metin Artukoğlu. “Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan”. Tarım Ekonomisi Dergisi, c. 27, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 101-12, doi:10.24181/tarekoder.990296.
Vancouver Rahimi MS, Artukoğlu M. Problems Facing Agricultural Product Exporters and Solutions : A Case Study from Afghanistan. TED - TJAE. 2021;27(2):101-12.