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The Ancient Population of A Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 58, 445 - 488, 01.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000614

Öz

Upon the completion of its political organisation down to the late Classical era, the agrarian activities in the Carian origin Bozburun Peninsula (southwest Anatolia) accelerated due to the exploitation of the terrain to a large extent. The demes of the Peninsula transformed themselves to peripheral economies operating under the interests of Rhodes as well as indirectly serving the international market, beginning from the 3rd century B.C. The economy, which specialized in terrace systems, and the boom thereof ultimately gave rise to tremendous demographic expansions within the region. This paper aims to estimate the Hellenistic population of an unattended deme, namely Phoinix in the countryside, by reconciling the settlement data and land exploitation rates as well as reinterpreting them in light of the historical data. The figures put forward that the Classical Phoinix experienced ca. a 255% increase as it grew into the Hellenistic period while the surplus her workforce created possibly substituted the scarce resources and served for export

Kaynakça

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The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 58, 445 - 488, 01.10.2015
https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000614

Öz

Karya orijinli Bozburun Yarımadası (güneybatı Anadolu)’ndaki tarımsal faaliyetler, bölgenin Geç Klasik çağa doğru politik örgütlenmesinin tamamlanması üzerine, arazinin yoğun işletilmesine bağlı olarak büyük ölçüde hız kazanmıştır. Yarımada’daki demoslar (δήμοι), İ.Ö. 3. yy’ın başından itibaren kendilerini, Rodos’un çıkarları altında faaliyet gösteren periferideki ekonomilere dönüştürmüş, yanı sıra uluslararası pazara dolaylı hizmet verir hale gelmiştir. Teras sistemlerinde uzmanlaşan ekonomi ve yaşadığı patlama, en sonunda bölgede demografik büyüme ve genişlemelere hız vermiştir. Bu makale, kırsalda, bugüne kadar ihmal edilmiş Phoinix demosunun (δῆμος)’sinin Hellenistik nüfusunu, tarihsel veri ışığında yeniden yorumlamakla birlikte yerleşim verisi ve arazi kullanım oranlarının uyumlaştırılması yoluyla tahmin etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Sayılar, Klasik Phoinix’in, Hellenistik döneme doğru yaklaşık %255’lik bir nüfus artışı yaşadığını ortaya koymuş; işgücünün yarattığı üretim fazlası olasılıkla kıt kaynakları ikameye ve ihracata hizmet etmiştir

Kaynakça

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  • Held, Winfried, “Loryma ve Karia Chersonesos’unun Yerleşim Sistemi”, Olba, Sayı 12, 2005, s. 85-100.
  • Hiller, Ernest T., “A Culture Theory of Population Trends”, The Journal of Political Economy, Sayı 38 (5), 1930, s. 523-550.
  • Hirschfeld, Gustav and Marshall, Frederick H., The Collection of Ancient Greek Inscriptions in the British Museum, Part 4: Knidos, Halicarnassos and Branchidae/ Supplementary and Miscellaneous Inscriptions, Oxford 1893-1916.
  • Hornblower, Simon, Mausolus, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1982.
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  • — Rural Athens Under the Democracy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 2004.
  • Karal, Enver Z., Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nda İlk Nüfus Sayımı 1831 (2nd ed.), State Statistics Institute, Ankara 1997.
  • Kloudis, Naomi R., “Money, Power, and Gender: Evidence for Influential Women Represented on Inscribed Bases and Sculpture on Kos” (M.A. thesis), University of Missouri, 2007.
  • Konstan, David, To Hellenikon Ethnos: Ethnicity and the Construction of Ancient Greek Identity- Ancient Perceptions of Greek Ethnicity, Harvard University Press, Washington D.C. 2001.
  • Köktürk, Hüseyin and Milner, Nicholas P., “A Land Dispute From the Lycian Borderland”, Anatolian Studies, Sayı 53, 2003, s. 131-138.
  • Saner, Turgut and Kuban, Zeynep, “Kıran Gölü 1998”, Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Sayı 17 (2), 1999, s. 287-295.
  • Laumonier, Alfred, “Archéologie Carienne”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Sayı 60, 1936, s. 286-335.
  • Lohmann, Hans, “Agriculture and Country Life in Classical Attica”, In B. Wells (ed.), Agriculture in Ancient Greece. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 16-17 May, 1990, Paul Aströms Förlag, Stockholm 1992, s. 29-58.
  • Marchese, Ronald T., The Historical Archaeology of Northern Caria: A Study in Cultural Adaptations, BAR International Series 536, 1989.
  • Martha, Jules, “Inscriptions de Rhodes”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Sayı 2, 1878, s. 615-621.
  • Mattheson, Philippa M.W. and Wallace, Malcolm B., “Some Rhodian Amphora Capacities”, Hesperia, Sayı 51 (3), 1982, s. 293-320.
  • Mee, Christopher, Rhodes in the Bronze Age, Aris and Phillips Ltd., 1982.
  • Meritt, Benjamin D., Wade-Gery, Henry T. and McGregor, Malcolm F., The Athenian Tribute Lists, vols 1-4, Harvard University Press (vol. 1), Cambridge, Massachusetts 1939- 1949- 1950- 1953; Harvard University Press, Princeton, New Jersey 1939- 1949- 1950- 1953.
  • Meyer, Ernst, Die Grenzen Der Hellenistischen Staaten in Kleinasien, Verlegt Bei Orell Füsslı, Zürich 1925.
  • Morley, Nevillle, Trade in Classical Antiquity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2007.
  • Nielsen, Thomas H. and Gabrielsen, Vincent, “Rhodos”, In Hansen, M.H. and Nielsen, T.H. (eds.), An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Center for the Danish National Research Foundation, Oxford University Press 2004, s. 1196-1210.
  • Nixon, Lucia and Price, Simon, “The Size and Resources of Greek Cities”, In Murray, O. and Price, S. (eds.), The Greek City from Homer to Alexander, Clarendon Press, Oxford 1990, s. 137-170.
  • O’Brien, Patrick K. (ed.), Atlas of the World History: From the Origins of Humanity to the Year 2000, Oxford University Press, USA 2007.
  • Oğuz-Kırca, Eser D., “Restructuring the Settlement Pattern of A Peraean Deme Through Photogrammetry and GIS: The Case of Phoinix (Bozburun Peninsula, Turkey)”, Mediterranean Archaeology and Archaeometry, Sayı 14 (2), 2014, s. 281-313.
  • Osborne, Robin, Demos: The Discovery of Classical Attika, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1985.
  • — Classical Landscape with Figures: The Ancient Greek City and Its Countryside, George Philip, London 1987.
  • — “ʻIs It a Farm?ʼ The Definition of Agricultural Sites and Settlements in Ancient Greece”, In B. Wells (ed.), Agriculture in Ancient Greece, Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 16-17 May, 1990, Paul Aströms Förlag, Stockholm 1992, s. 21-27.
  • — “Configuring the Landscape”, In Kolb, F. and Müler-Luckner, E. (eds.), Chora und Polis. Schriften des Historischen Kollegs Kolloquien 54, R. Oldenbourg, München 2004, s. 369-374.
  • Papachristodoulou, Ioannis, “The Rhodian Demes Within the Framework of the Function of the Rhodian State”, In Gabrielsen, V., Bilde, P., Engberg- Pedersen, T., Hannestad, L. and Zahle, J. (eds.), Hellenistic Rhodes: Politics, Culture, and Society, Studies in Hellenistic Civilization (vol. 9), Aarhus University Press, 1999, s. 27-44.
  • Rice, Ellen E., “New ΝΙΣΥΡΙΟΙ from Physkos (Marmaris)”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Sayı 104, 1984, s. 184-186.
  • — “Adoption in Rhodian Society”, In Dietz, S. and Papachristodoulou, I. (eds.), Archaeology in the Dodecanese, The National Museum of Denmark, Copenhagen 1988, s. 138-145.
  • — “Relations Between Rhodes and the Rhodian Peraea”, In Gabrielsen, V., Bilde, P., Engberg- Pedersen, T., Hannestad, L. and Zahle, J. (eds.), Hellenistic Rhodes: Politics, Culture, and Society, Studies in Hellenistic Civilization (vol. 9), Aarhus University Press 1999, s. 45-53.
  • Robert, Louis, “Documents d’Asie Mineure”, Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique, Sayı 102 (1), 1978, s. 395-543.
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  • Scheidel, Walter, “The Greek Demographic Expansion: Models and Comparisons”, The Journal of Hellenic Studies, Sayı 123, 2003, s. 120-140.
  • Shear, Theodore L., “Inscriptions from Loryma and Vicinity”, The American Journal of Philology, Sayı 34 (4), 1913, s. 451-460.
  • Skydsgaard, Jens E., “Agriculture in Ancient Greece: On the Nature of the Sources and the Problems of Their Interpretation”, In B. Wells (ed.), Agriculture in Ancient Greece. Proceedings of the Seventh International Symposium at the Swedish Institute at Athens, 16-17 May, 1990, Paul Aströms Förlag, Stockholm 1992, s. 9-12.
  • Soyluer, Serdal, “XX. Yüzyılın Başlarında Menteşe Sancağı’nın İdari ve Nüfus Yapısı”, Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi, Sayı 5 (13), 2006, s. 109-135.
  • Şahin, Hamdi, “Dağlık Kilikia 2007: Yerleşim Tarihi ve Epigrafya Araştırmaları”, Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Sayı 26 (1), 2008, s. 437-448.
  • Taşlıgil, Nuran, “Datça-Bozburun Özel Çevre Koruma Bölgesi ve Turizm”, Ege Coğrafya Dergisi, Sayı 17 (1-2), 2008, s. 73-83.
  • Thompson, George, Eski Yunan Toplumu Üstüne İncelemeler: Tarih Öncesi Ege (Studies in Ancient Greek Society: The Prehistoric Aegean) (1st ed.), trans. Celal Üster, Homer, İstanbul 2007.
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  • Tuna, Numan, “Antik Devir Batı Anadolu Kıyı Yerleşmelerinde Mekânsal Örgün” (M.Sc. thesis), Middle East Technical University, 1978.
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  • Varinlioğlu, Ender, “Pera’da Rodos Yurttaşı Olmak”, Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı, Sayı 8, 1990, s. 223-229.
  • Visy, Zs, “Towns, Vici and Villae: Late Roman Military Society on the Frontiers of the Province Valeria”, In Burns, T.S. and Eadie, J.W. (eds.), Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity, Michigan State University Press, East Lansing 2001, s. 163-184. Ancient Sources
  • Aristophanes, Eşekarıları, Kadınlar Savaşı ve Diğer Oyunları, trans. Sabahattin Eyüboğlu and Azra Erhat, Türkiye İş Bankası, İstanbul 2006.
  • Demosthenes, Orations: XVIII-XIX (De Corona, De Falsa Legatione), trans. Charles A. Vince and James H. Vince, Harvard University Press, London 1926.
  • Diodorus Siculus, Diodorus of Sicily 3: The Library of History (4.59-8), trans. Charles H. Oldfather, Harvard University Press, London 1939.
  • Polybius, The Histories (Vol. 5; Books 16-27), trans. William R. Paton, Harvard University Press, London 1926.
  • Polybius, The Histories (Vol. 6; Books 28-39), trans. William R. Paton, Harvard University Press, London 1927.
  • Strabo, Geographika: Antik Anadolu Coğrafyası (Books 12-14), trans. Adnan Pekman, Arkeoloji ve Sanat, İstanbul 2005.
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  • Searchable Greek Inscriptions: A Scholarly Tool in Progress (The Packard Humanities Institute- Project Centers/ Aegean Islands, incl. Crete (IG XI-[XIII]) and Asia Minor: Caria, Rhodian Peraea (25.03.2013).
  • Available from: http://epigraphy.packhum.org/inscriptions/main
Toplam 108 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

E.deniz Oğuz-kırca Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 34 Sayı: 58

Kaynak Göster

APA Oğuz-kırca, E. (2015). The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, 34(58), 445-488. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000614
AMA Oğuz-kırca E. The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix. TAD. Ekim 2015;34(58):445-488. doi:10.1501/Tarar_0000000614
Chicago Oğuz-kırca, E.deniz. “The Ancient Population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 34, sy. 58 (Ekim 2015): 445-88. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000614.
EndNote Oğuz-kırca E (01 Ekim 2015) The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 34 58 445–488.
IEEE E. Oğuz-kırca, “The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix”, TAD, c. 34, sy. 58, ss. 445–488, 2015, doi: 10.1501/Tarar_0000000614.
ISNAD Oğuz-kırca, E.deniz. “The Ancient Population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi 34/58 (Ekim 2015), 445-488. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarar_0000000614.
JAMA Oğuz-kırca E. The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix. TAD. 2015;34:445–488.
MLA Oğuz-kırca, E.deniz. “The Ancient Population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix”. Tarih Araştırmaları Dergisi, c. 34, sy. 58, 2015, ss. 445-88, doi:10.1501/Tarar_0000000614.
Vancouver Oğuz-kırca E. The ancient population of a Chersonessian Heir: Phoinix. TAD. 2015;34(58):445-88.