PROPAGANDADAN GERÇEĞE: BROKEN HILL SALDIRISI

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 39 Sayı: 67, 529 - 549, 31.03.2020

Sinan Kıyanç

https://doi.org/10.35239/tariharastirmalari.631727

Cited By: 1

Öz

Broken Hill Saldırısı Avustralya tarihinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nın hemen başında meydana gelen saldırı, ülkenin savaşa bakışınıetkilemiştir. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na karşı direncin kırılmasında son derece etkili olan saldırı hükümet tarafından etkili bir propaganda unsuru haline getirilmiştir. Bu propaganda Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda gönüllü asker katılımının artışında önemli rol oynamıştı. İki Türk’ün masum sivillere saldırdığı yalanı üzerinde Düşman-Türk olgusu yaratılmış bu süreç Çanakkale Savaşı’na kadar etkin bir şekilde sürdürülmüştür. Broken Hill Saldırısı günümüze değin toplumsal hafıza da Düşman-Türk olgusuyla yer etmiştir. Çalışma da yıllardır Avustralya’daki Düşman-Türk olgusu üzerinden propaganda olarak kullanılan Broken Hill Saldırısı’nın detaylarıortaya konulmaktadır. Bu kapsam da saldırıyı aydınlatacak birinci el kaynaklar başta olmak üzere saldırı hakkında yazılmış eserler ele alınarak saldırının aslının nasıl çarpıtılarak bir propaganda malzemesi haline geldiği belirtilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Broken Hill, Birinci Dünya Savaşı, Avustralya, Türk, Propaganda

THE TRUTH FROM THE PROPAGANDA: THE BATTLE OF BROKEN HILL

Öz

The Battle of Broken Hill holds a important position in Australia's history. The attack at the outset of the First World War influenced Australian view of the war. It was an effective propaganda in the management of the attack, which was extremely effective in breaking the resistance of the First World War. This propaganda played an important role in the enlist of voluntery soldiers the First World War. Upon the lie of two Turks attacked innocent civilians, Enemy-Turk phenomenon was created and this process continued effectively until The Battle of Gallipoli. The Battle of Broken Hill had left a mark on until now in the social memory of the Enemy-Turk phenomenon. It is based on the starting of The Battle of Broken Hill, which is used with the propaganda of the Enemy-Turk phenomenon in Australia. This study is the first hand document regarding the battle and how the battle became a propaganda material by being distorted. Australia, Broken Hill, Turk, Propaganda, World War I

Anahtar Kelimeler

Australia, Broken Hill, Turk, Propaganda, World War I

Kaynakça

• Barrier Miner, “How The Commonwealth And State Government Can Provide Ample Work And Wages For Every Man In Australia", 6 Ağustos 1914.
• Barrier Miner, “Mr. Attiah Interviewed”, 31 Ocak 1915.
• Barrier Miner, “Mullah Abdullah’s Nationality”, “An Afghan’s Disclaimer”, 7 Ocak 1915.
• Barrier Miner, “The New Year's Day Massacre", 02 Ocak 1915.
• Barrier Miner, “War in Broken Hill”, 1 Ocak 1915.
• Beaumont, Joan, Broken Nation: Australians in the Great War, Sydney, Allen & Unwin Publishing, 2013.
• Bendigo Advertiser, “The Battle Of Broken Hill, German Official Account”, 26 Mart 1915.
• Daily Herald, “The Barrier Outrage, An Ex-Turkish Soldier”, 07 Ocak 1915.
• Daily Herald, “Not Ottomans”, 2 Ocak 1915.
• Daily Telegraph, “Extraordinary Documents Discovered”, 06 Ocak 1915.
• Ertur, Ömer, Derin Nefret, Anzakları Çanakkale Savaşı’na Sokan Komplo’nun Hikâyesi, Çeviren: Güneş Ayas, İstanbul, Donkişot Publishing, 2011.
• Kalgoorlie Miner, “The Broken Hill Outrage”, 4 Ocak 1915.
• Kerang New Times, “Broken Hill Tragedy, Turks Last Letters”, 08 Ocak 1915.
• Kıyanç, Sinan, "Qut-Al Amara Victory in the Australian Press." On the 100th Anniversary International Symposium on Baghdad (Madinat Al-Salam) and Qut-Al Amara, 20-22 December 2017. Istanbul: Turkish Historical Society.
• McCourt, Chris, The Cleaning of Mahommed, Sydney, Fourth Estate Publishing, 2012.
• Murphy, Damien, "Broken Hill, New Year's Day, 1915 was Australia's First Terrorist Attack", https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/broken-hill-new-years-day-1915-was-australias-first-terrorist-attack-20141014-115weh.html.
• NSW Migration Heritage Centre, The Enemy At Home, German Internees in World War I Australia, http://www.migrationheritage.nsw.gov.au/ exhibition/enemyathome/battle-of-broken-hill/index.html.
• Rajkowski, Pamela, In The Tracks of The Camelmen: Outback Australia’s Most Exotic Pioneers, North Ryde, N.S.W., Angus & Robertson Pub., 1987.
• Roll of Honor, Roll of Honour Database, https://www.awm.gov.au/advanced-search/people?roll=Roll%20of%20Honour&facet_related_conflict_sort=8%3AFirst%20World%20War%2C%201914-1918.
• Saltık, Ekrem, “1915’de Avustralya’da Bir Terör Sladırısı ‘Kahramanlık’ mı, Komplo mu?”, Toplumsal Tarih, 2011, vol. 205, ss. 88-93.
• Sanders, Michael L., "Wellington House and British Propaganda During the First World War", The Historical Journal, 1975, vol. 18, ss.119-146.
• Scott, Ernest, Australia During The War, The Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-1918, Sydney, Angus and Robertson Publishing, 1941.
• Shakespeare, Nicholas, Oddfellows, Vintage Australia, Random House Publishing, 2015.
• Spearritt, Peter, Where History Happened: The Hidden Past of Australia’s Towns and Places, Canberra, National Library of Australia, 2018.
• Stevens, Christine, Tin Mosque & Ghantowns: A History of Afghan Cameldrivers in Australia, Melbourne, Oxford University Press., 1989.
• Şakar, Recep “Broken Hill Saldırısı Komplo mu?” http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/broken-hill-saldirisi-komplo-mu-21951919.
• The Advertiser, "Fight Only For The Sultan", 13 Ocak 1915.
• The Age, “Broken Hill Outrage”, 06 Ocak 1915.
• The Argus, “Turks Attack Train”, 2 Ocak 1915.
• The Border Morning Mail and Riverina Times, “Indians Fire at Train, Three People Killed and Eight Wounded, Two Murdered Dead”, 02 Ocak 1915.
• The Evening Echo, “Broken Hill Outrage”, 04 Ocak 1915.
• The Express and Telegraph, “Fight Only For The Sultan”, 13 Ocak 1915.
• The Register, “Assailants Not Turks, Denial By Prominent Ottoman”, 2 Ocak 1915.
• The Register, “Assailants Not Turks, Denial By Prominent Ottoman”, 2 Ocak 1915.
• The Register, “Not Turks”, 8 Ocak 1915.
• The Register, “Speedy Revenge”, 2 Ocak 1915.
• The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, “Death of Admiral Lord Viscount Nelson”, 3 Ağustos 1806.
• The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser, “Extracts from the latest English Papers”,19 Haziran 1803.
• The Sydney Morning Herald, “The Fight With The Turks”, 4 Ocak 1915.
• Truth, “Truth reported the Turkish insurgency”. 19 Aralık 1920.
• Whyte, Brendan, “Propaganda Eats İtself: The ‘bulletin’ and The Battle of Broken Hill”, Sabretche Journal, 2016, vol. 57, ss. 48-57.