Çağdaş Cezayir Şiir Imgeleminde Tasavvufî Sembol

Öz

Mutasavvıflar, kendilerinden sonraya seçkin bir edebî miras bırakmışlardır. Bu mirasta dikkat çeken en önemli husus ise, şifrelerini ancak mutasavvıfların çözebileceği sembolik dilidir. Çünkü bu dil, doğrudan doğruya ruhânî tecrübeye, tasavvufî pratiklere ve zevke dayanmaktadır. Bu sebeple onların dili, kültürel ve edebî miras içinde kendine özgü özel bir dil olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mutasavvıfların böylesine kendine has, mânevî yükler ve ruhsal çağrışımlarla dolu bir dil mirasına sahip olmaları; yeni yazı kaynaklarına ihtiyaç duyan edip ve şairlerin de farklılaşma yolunda yeni imkânlar aramaları sonucunu doğurmuştur. Bu nedenle yazar ve şairler, onların zengin kaynağından beslenmeye yönelmişlerdir. Cezayirli şairler de bu yönelişin dışında kalmamış; tasavvuf mirasına yönelen diğer şairler gibi, onun ruhânî pınarından beslenmiş ve kavramlarını yeniden kullanmışlardır. Böylece bu şairlerin metinleri, tasavvuf dilinin lafız ve anlam dünyasıyla örtüşen, onun mânevî çağrışımlarına yaklaşan ifadeler taşımaya başlamıştır. Bu metinler bazen de Râbia el-Adeviyye, Nifferî, Ebû Hayyân et-Tevhîdî, İbn Arabî, Celâleddîn-i Rûmî, Tebrîzî ve daha niceleri gibi büyük sûfîlerin tecrübelerini belirleyen ve Arap edebî mirasında onlara özgünlük kazandıran o ruhsal vecd hâlini yansıtmıştır. Böylece şiir, geleneği çağıran ve onu yazarın bakış açısı ile ifade ettiği tecrübeye uygun biçimde yeniden şekillendiren yeni bir yazma deneyimine yönelme imkânı bulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• tasavvuf
• sembol
• sûfîlik
• Cezayir şiiri
• şairler.

Sufi Symbolism in the Contemporary Algerian Poetic Imaginary

Öz

Sufis left behind a distinguished literary legacy. One of the most striking aspects of this legacy is its symbolic language, whose codes can only be deciphered by the Sufis themselves. This is because such language is grounded directly in spiritual experience, Sufi practices, and intuitive taste. For this reason, their language has been regarded as a unique and special mode of expression within the cultural and literary heritage. The fact that the Sufis possessed such a distinctive linguistic legacy, rich in spiritual meanings and mystical connotations, also attracted writers and poets who were in search of new sources of expression and new paths toward distinction. Thus, literary figures turned to this abundant source for inspiration. Algerian poets were no exception to this tendency; like others who drew upon the Sufi heritage, they too were nourished by its spiritual spring and revived its terminology. As a result, the texts of these poets came to embody words and meanings that resonate with the language of Sufism and approach its spiritual implications. At times, these texts also expressed that state of spiritual ecstasy which characterized the experiences of great Sufis such as Rābiʿa al-ʿAdawiyya, al-Niffarī, Abū Ḥayyān al-Tawḥīdī, Ibn ʿArabī, Jalāl al-Dīn al-Rūmī, al-Tabrīzī, and many others, and which gave their works a distinctive character within the Arabic literary heritage. In this way, poetry was enabled to embark upon a new mode of writing—one that invokes heritage and reshapes it in a manner consistent with the writer’s vision and lived experience.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sufism
• symbol
• mysticism
• algerian poetry
• poets

الرّمز الصوفي في المتخيّل الشّعري الجزائري المعاصر

Öz

لقد خلّف المتصوّفة تراثا أدبيا متميّزا واللافت للنّظر في هذا التّراث لغته الرّمزية التي لا يقدر على فكّ شفراتها إلّا المتصوّفة لاتّصالها بالتّجربة الرّوحية والممارسات الصّوفية واعتمادها مباشرة على الذّوق، من ثمّ عدّت لغتهم لغة خاصة داخل الموروث الثقافي والأدبي ولما كان للمتصوفة هذا الإرث اللغوي الخاص بحمولاته ودلالاته الروحية، وكان الأدباء والشعراء في حاجة لمصادر جديدة في الكتابة، ليشقّوا طريقا في التميّز، أقبلوا ينهلون من معينه الثرّ ولم يشذّ الشّعراء الجزائريون عنهم، بل ذهبوا في زمرة من ذهب إلى التراث الصّوفي ينهلون من نبعه الروحيِ؛ يستعيدون مصطلحاته. فأمكن هؤلاء الشّعراء أن تحمل نصوصهم ألفاظا ودلالات تتماهى مع لغة الصّوفية وتقترب من دلالاتهم الرّوحية، معبّرة أحيانا عن ذلك الوجد الرّوحي الذي ميّز تجارب كبار الصّوفية وطبعها بطابع التفرّد في تراثنا العربي كرابعة العدوية والّنفري، وأبي حيان التوحيدي، وابن عربي، وجلال الدّين الرّومي، والتّبريزي وغيرهم وهيّأ الشعر لأن يخوض تجربة جديدة في الكتابة، تستدعي التراث وتعيد تشكيله بما ينسجم ورؤية الكاتب وتجربته المعبّر عنها.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• : الرّمز
• الصّوفي
• الشّعر الجزائري
• الصّوفية
• الشّعراء

Kaynakça

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