Values Education in Primary School: The Effect of Hospitality Activities on Students' Love, Respect, Tolerance and Hospitality

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to apply the activities related to hospitality prepared by considering the teaching approaches suitable for the nature of values to primary school fourth grade students and to evaluate the results. In the study, a quasi-experimental design (selective) with a pretest posttest control group, one of the quantitative research designs, was used. In this process, to increase the hospitality tendencies of the students in the experimental group, activities related to hospitality were developed and implemented by considering the nature of values, the developmental characteristics of the students and the achievements in the primary school fourth grade Social Studies course. The data of the research were collected through the scales of being respectful, loving, tolerant and hospitable. Data were analyzed with the Mann Whitney U test. As a result of the research: While there was no significant difference in the pre-test findings of the experimental and control group students' tendencies to be respectful, love, tolerant and hospitable; In the post-test findings, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in the tendencies of being respectful, loving, and tolerant. In the post-test findings of the tendency to be hospitable, it was seen that the experimental group scores increased, but this difference was not significant. According to these findings, activities related to hospitality, which are structured in accordance with the nature of values and the developmental characteristics of students, significantly increase the tendency of primary school fourth grade students to be respectful, affectionate, and tolerant; It can be said that it also contributed significantly to the tendency to be hospitable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Value
• Hospitality
• Tolerance
• Love
• Respect

Values Education in Primary School: The Effect of Hospitality Activities on Love, Respect and Tolerance Values

Öz

In this study, it is aimed to apply the activities related to hospitality prepared by considering the teaching approaches suitable for the nature of values to primary school fourth grade students and to evaluate the results. In the study, a quasi-experimental design (selective) with a pretest posttest control group, one of the quantitative research designs, was used. In this process, to increase the hospitality tendencies of the students in the experimental group, activities related to hospitality were developed and implemented by considering the nature of values, the developmental characteristics of the students and the achievements in the primary school fourth grade Social Studies course. The data of the research were collected through the scales of being respectful, loving, tolerant and hospitable. Data were analyzed with the Mann Whitney U test. As a result of the research: While there was no significant difference in the pre-test findings of the experimental and control group students' tendencies to be respectful, love, tolerant and hospitable; In the post-test findings, it was observed that there was a significant difference in favor of the experimental group in the tendencies of being respectful, loving, and tolerant. In the post-test findings of the tendency to be hospitable, it was seen that the experimental group scores increased, but this difference was not significant. According to these findings, activities related to hospitality, which are structured in accordance with the nature of values and the developmental characteristics of students, significantly increase the tendency of primary school fourth grade students to be respectful, affectionate, and tolerant; It can be said that it also contributed significantly to the tendency to be hospitable.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Value
• Hospitality
• Tolerance
• Love
• Respect

Kaynakça

1. Akarsu, A. (2016). Sosyal medyanın toplum üzerindeki etkisi [The effect of social media on society]. Journal of Social Sciences, 10(19), 347-366.
2. Akbaba Altun, S. (2003). Eğitim yönetimi ve değerler [Educational administration and values]. Journal of Values Education, 1(1), 7-18.
3. Alpakgir Cevheri, S. G. (2014). Mültecilik kavramının ve mültecilerin hukuki durumuna dair sözleşmede yer alan hakların koşullu misafirperverlik üzerinden değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the concept of refugee and the rights in the contract regarding the legal situation of refugees through conditional hospitality]. In N. Kayar & Ü. Güneş (Eds) 3. Türkiye Lisansüstü Çalışmalar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı-III (pp. 97-108). Sakarya Üniversitesi Basımevi Müdürlüğü. https://tlck.org.tr/3-tlck-bildiriler-kitabi/.
4. Althof, W., & W. Berkowitz, M. (2006). Moral education and character education: Their relationship and roles in citizenship education. Journal of Moral Education, 35(4), 495–518.
5. Altunbay, M. (2016). Temel bir değer olarak Dede Korkut’ta misafirperverlik ve izzeti ikram [Hospitality and treat as a basic value in Dede Korkut's story]. Academic Sight International Refereed Online Journal, 56, 359-371.
6. Arslan, Z. Ş., & Yaşar, F. T. (2007). Yükselen değer kavramı üzerine eleştirel bir yaklaşım [A critical approach to the concept on rising value]. Center for Values Education, 1(1), 8-11.
7. Asal, U. Y. (2017). Ticari bir kavram olarak misafirperverlik: Girişimcilik ekseninde yeniden yapılanma [Hospitality as a commercial concept: Reconstruction according to entrepreneurship]. Turkish Journal of Entrepreneurship, 1(1), 73-90.
8. Atabek, E. (1995). Kırmızı ışıkta yürümek [Walking a red light]. Altın Kitaplar.

9. Atay, S. (2003). Türk yönetici adaylarının, siyasal ve dini tercihleri ile yaşam değerleri arasındaki ilişki [An exploration on political/religious preferences and life values among Turkish managerial candidates]. Center for Values Education, 3(1), 87-120.
10. Bacanlı, H. (2017). Değer bilinçlendirme yaklaşımı [Value awareness approach]. Çizgi.
11. Bee, H., & Boyd, D. (2009). Çocuk gelişim psikolojisi [The developing child]. O. Gündüz (Trans.). Kaknüs.
12. Büyüköztürk, Ş., Çokluk, Ö., & Köklü, N. (2020). Sosyal bilimler için istatistik (24th Ed.). [Statistics for the social sciences]. Pegem Akademi.
13. Canatan, A. (2008). Toplumsal değerler ve yaşlılar [Social values and elderly people]. Elderly Issues Research Journal, 1(1), 62-71.
14. Çelik, H., Karadeniz, H., & Cabul, E. (2018). Öğrencilerin sosyal bilgiler derslerindeki deneyimleri bağlamında değişim ve sürekliliğe ilişkin değerlendirmeleri: Misafirperverlik örneği [Students’ evaluations of change and continuity in the context of their experience in social studies classes: Hospitality exampler]. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies in Education, 2(2), 39-57.
15. Çubukçu, K. (2016). Konaklama işletmelerinde turistlerin Anadolu misafirperverliği algısının satın alma sonrası tutum ve davranışlarına etkisi [The impact of the customer perception of the anatolian hospitality on the attitude and behaviour at post purchase period in the hotel industry]. (Tez No. 419345). [Doctoral dissertation, Gazi University], National Thesis Center.
16. Çubukçu, K., & Yaylı, A. (2016). Turistlerin anadolu misafirperverliği algısının müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşteri sadakatine etkisi [The impact of the customer perception of the anatolian hospitality on the customer satisfaction and customer loyalty]. Journal of Business Research, 8(1), 282–307.
17. Davis, H. D. (2006). Character education in america’s public schools. journal of church and state. http://www.redorbit.com/news/education/456519/character_education_in_americas_ public_schools/ Retrieved from 19 Dec. 2009
18. Doğanay, A. (2007). Değerler eğitimi [Values education]. In C. Öztürk (Ed.), Hayat bilgisi ve sosyal bilgiler öğretimi, yapılandırmacı bir yaklaşım [Teaching life sciences and social studies, a constructivist approach]. (3 th ed., pp. 255-286). Pegem.
19. Dunlop, F. (2005). Democratic values and the foundations of political education. In J. M. Halstead & M. J. Taylor (Eds.), Values in education and education in values (pp. 66-76). Taylor & Francis e-Library.
20. Gökçen, A., & Ulutaş, E. (2018). Toplumsal bir tip: Misafir [A social type: Guest]. Adam Academy Journal of Social Sciences, 9(1), 115-138.
21. Gökdere, M., & Çepni, S. (2003). Üstün yetenekli çocuklara verilen değerler eğitiminde öğretmenin rolü [The role of the teacher in the values education given to gifted children]. Journal of Values Education, 2(1), 93-107.
22. Güler, M. (2013). Gruplararası temas, kaygı ve yanlılığın sosyal mesafeye etkisi: Türk ve Kürt kökenli gruplar üzerine bir çalışma [The effect of intergroup contact, anxiety and bias on social distance: A study on the Turkish and Kurdish groups]. (Tez No. 355804). [Doctoral thesis, Ankara University], National Thesis Center.
23. Güngör, E. (2000). Ahlak psikolojisi ve sosyal ahlak. [Moral psychology and social ethics]. (4 th Ed.). Ötüken.
24. Karadağ, B. (2008). Sünnette misafirlik ve misafir ağırlama [Visiting and welcoming in the sunna]. (Tez No. 221127). [Master thesis, Marmara University], National Thesis Center.
25. Karadeniz, H. (2019). Beşinci sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal bilgiler dersinde misafirperverlik değerindeki değişim ve sürekliliğe ilişkin değerlendirmeleri [Evaluations of fifth grade students on the change and sustainability in the value of hospitality in social studies]. (Tez No. 535683). [Master thesis, Sakarya University], National Thesis Center.
26. Kaya, F. (2018). Otantiklik ve misafirperverlik algılarının turist deneyimi üzerine etkisi: Kapadokya bölgesi örneği [The impact of authenticity and hospitality percepti̇ons on the tourist experience: Sample of Cappadocia region]. (Tez No. 513116). [Doctoral dissertation, İstanbul University], National Thesis Center.
27. Kaya, F., Kızılırmak, İ., & Çetin, G. (2018). Kapadokya bölgesini ziyaret eden turistlerin misafirperverlik algısını ölçmeye ilişkin bir araştırma [A research on measuring the hospitality perception of tourists visiting the cappadocıa region]. The Journal of Social Sciences Institute IWACT 18(Special Issue), 131-152.
28. Kaymakcan, R., & Meydan, H. (2014). Ahlak değerler ve eğitimi [Moral values and education]. Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi .
29. Kenan, S. (2009). Modern eğitimde kaybolan nokta: Değerler eğitimi [Te missing dimension of modern education: Values education]. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9(1), 259-295.
30. Kılcan, B., & Akbaba, B. (2013). Sosyal bilgiler öğretim programında yer alan kültürel mirasa duyarlılık değerine ilişkin öğrenci algılarının incelenmesi [Examining students’ perceptions on sensitivity to cultural heritage value in social sciences teaching program]. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken Journal of World of Turks, 5(3), 113-137.
31. Köse, H. H., & Özdemir, E. (2019). Sakin şehirde yaşayanların misafirperverlik anlayışlarının yerli turistlerin tatmini, tekrar ziyaret niyeti ve sadakati üzerindeki etkisi: Seferihisar örneği [The effect of cittaslow residents’ hospitality approaches on the domestic tourists’ satisfaction, revisit intention and loyalty: The example of Seferihisar]. Journal of TurkishTourism Research, 3(4): 1371-1389.
32. Köylü, M. (2007). Küresel bağlamda değerler eğitimine duyulan ihtiyaç [The need for values education in a global context]. In R. Kaymakcan, S. Kenan, H. Hökelekli, Ş. Arslan & M. Zengin (Eds.). Değerler ve eğitimi uluslararası sempozyumu bildirileri [Proceedings of the international symposium on values and education]. (pp. 287-311). Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi.
33. Matusov, E. (2018). Chronotopic analysis of values in critical ontological dialogic pedagogy. In A. U. Branco & M. C. Lopes-de-Oliveira (Eds.). Cultural psychology of education-6: Alterity, values and socialization (pp. 1- 29). Springer International Publishing AG.
34. Oktay, A. S. (2007). İslam düşüncesinde ahlaki değerler ve bunların global ahlaka etkileri [Moral values in Islamic thought and their effects on global morality]. In R. Kaymakcan, S. Kenan, H. Hökelekli, Ş. Arslan & M. Zengin (Eds.). Değerler ve eğitimi [Values and education]. (pp. 131-143). Değerler Eğitimi Merkezi.
35. Özensel, E. (2003). Sosyolojik bir olgu olarak değer [The sociological relevance of values]. Journal of Values Education, 1(3), 217-239.
36. Özkul, O. (2009). Küresel bir ahlak sistemi mümkün mü? [Is a global moral system possible?]. Center for Values Education, 2(5), 52-57.
37. Öztürk, H. S. (2021). Jacques Derrida’nın misafirperverlik kavramı çerçevesinde Türk misafirperverliği ve Suriyeli sığınmacılar [Turkish hospitality and Syrian asylum-seekers in the framework of Jacques Derrida's concept of hospitality]. (Tez No. 682986). [Master thesis, Marmara University], National Thesis Center.
38. Öztürk, Z. (2005). On beşinci yüzyıl şairlerinden Akşemseddinzade Hamdullah Hamdi’nin Yusuf ve Zeliha mesnevisinde işlenen değerler [Cultivated values in the Yusuf and Zeliha Masnawi written by the 15th century poet Aksemseddin Hamdullah Hamdi]. Journal of Values Education, 3(10), 41-72.
39. Raths, L. E. Harmin, M., & Simon, S. B. (1978). Values and teaching: Working with values in the classroom (87th ed.). Charles E. Merill Company.
40. Sağbaş, E. A., Ballı, S., & Şen, F. (2016). Sosyal medya ve gençler üzerindeki etkileri [Social media and its effects on young people]. In Uluslararası Gençlik Araştırmaları Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı [International youth research congress proceedings book]. (pp. 153-163). Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi Gençlik Çalışmaları ve Araştırma Merkezi.
41. Sarı, M. (2007). Demokratik değerlerin kazanımı sürecinde örtük program: Düşük ve yüksek “okul yaşam kalitesi”ne sahip iki ilköğretim okulunda nitel bir çalışma [The effect of hidden curriculum on gaining democratic values: a qualitative study in two elemantary schools having low and high quality of school life]. (Tez No. 206423). [Doctoral dissertation, Çukurova University], National Thesis Center.
42. Sarmusak, D. (2011) İlköğretim öğrencilerinin empatik eğilimleri ve algıladıkları öğretmen tutumlarının öğrencilerin ahlakî değer yargılarına etkileri [The effect of primary school students? Empathic inclinations and perceptions of teacher attitudes on their value judgements]. [Unpublished master thesis], Gazi University.
43. Simon, S. B., Howe, L. W., & Kischenbaum, H. (1972). Values clarification: A handbook of practical strategies for teachers and students. Hart Publishing Company, İnc.
44. Sims, M. (2003). Value-based education for pre-service students in children and family studies. Journal of Educational Enquiry, 4(1), 68-79.
45. Smyth, J. C. (2005). Environmental values and education. In J. M. Halstead & M. J. Taylor (Eds.). Values in education and education in values (pp. 52-65). Taylor & Francis e-Library.
46. Superka, D. P., Johnson, P. L., & Ahrens, C. (1975). Values education: Approaches and materials (ED103284). (ERIC). https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED103284
47. Tahiroğlu, M., & Çetin, T. (2019). Sosyal bilgiler dersinde değerler eğitimi ve diğer duyuşsal süreçlerde ölçme ve değerlendirme: Sorunlar ve çözüme yönelik etkinlik örnekleri [Assessment and evaluation in social studies values education and other affective process: problems and activity examples for solution]. Journal of Values Education, 38(17), 295-331
48. Tahiroğlu, M., & Tay, B. (2020). Değerler ve eğitimi. [Values and education]. In A. Oğuz-Namdar (Ed.), İlkokulda drama ile değerler eğitimi uygulamaları [Values education practices with drama in primary school]. (pp. 1 - 44), Pegem Akademi.
49. Tahiroğlu, M. (2019). Sosyal bilgiler dersinde değer eğitimi etkinlik örnekleri: İlkokul 4. sınıf. [Value education activity examples in social studies lesson: Primary school 4th grade]. In R. Turan & K. Ulusay (Eds.). Farklı yönleriyle değerler eğitimi [Values education in different aspects]. (pp. 339-366), Pegem Akademi.
50. Tarhan, N. (2015). Değerlerin öğretilebilmesi için yaşanması gerekir! [Values must be lived in order to be taught!]. Retrieved from 10 Jun 2019 https://www.nevzattarhan.com/degerlerin-ogretilebilmesi-icin-yasanmasi-gerekir.html
51. Taşdemir Yiğitoğlu, G., & Kıray Vural, B. (2019). Toplumun sığınmacı bireylerle ilgili sosyal mesafe ve kaygı durumlarının belirlenmesi [Determination of social distance and anxiety situations of the society about asylum seekers]. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 11(18), 1941-1969.
52. Tay, B. (2009). Prospective teachers’ views concerning the values to teach in the course of social sciences. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 1187-1191.
53. Toprak, A. (2019). Türk kültüründe misafirperverlik ve sofra açmak / sofra çekmek (Samsun örneği) [Hospitality and laying a table in Turkish culture (Samsun sample)]. MECMUA [International Journal Of Social Sciences, 4(7), 74-81.
54. Turkish Language Association [TDK]. (2019). Türk Dil Kurumu sözlüğü. [Dictionary of Turkish language institution]. Retrieved 25 Jun 2019 from https://sozluk.gov.tr/.
55. Türe, H. (2014). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin hoşgörü algısı ve hoşgörü eğitimine bakışı [Social studies teachers' perceptions of tolerance and views on tolerance education]. (Tez No. 354621). [Master thesis, Akdeniz University], National Thesis Center.
56. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO]. (1986). Teaching methodologies for population education: Inquıry/discovery approach and values clarification. Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific P.O. Retrieved from 12 Feb 2009 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0006/000693/ 069359eb.pdf
57. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization [UNESCO] (2005). Learning to do: Values for learning and working together in a globalized world. L. R. Quisumbingand & J. Leo (Eds.). Retrieved from 06 Jan 2009 http://www.unevoc. unesco.org/fileadmin/user_upload/pubs/LearningToDo.pdf
58. Willower, J. D., & Licata, J. W. (1997). Values and valuation in the practice of educational administration. Corwin Pres, Inc.
59. Yeşilyurt, E., & Kurt, İ. (2012). Değerleri kazandırmasındaki etkililik açısından resmi ve örtük program ile okul dışı etmenlerin öğrenci görüşleri doğrultusunda değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of curriculum, hidden curriculum and out-of-school sources in terms of their efficacy for gaining values based on student views]. Turkish Studies, 7(4), 3253-3272.
60. Yıldırım, İ. (2022). Şırnak’ta misafirperverlik kültürü üzerine bir araştırma [A research on hospitality culture in Şırnak]. The Journal of Cultural Studies, 14, 122-152.