PARA BİRİMLERİNİN EVRİMİ VE KRİPTO PARALARIN ORTAYA ÇIKIŞI: BİR TARİHSEL PERSPEKTİF
Öz
This review examines the evolution of monetary systems, beginning with early barter and commodity-based exchanges, progressing through the development of centralized fiat currencies, and culminating in the emergence of cryptocurrencies in the digital age. Focusing on major turning points such as the transition from metallic currencies to paper money, the establishment of central banks, and the breakdown of the Bretton Woods system, the paper highlights the socio-political and economic forces that have shaped monetary evolution. The final section examines the rise of cryptocurrencies, particularly Bitcoin, as a contemporary response to the historical shortcomings of conventional monetary systems, highlighting aspects such as decentralization, transparency, and trust based on algorithmic principles. This review contributes to the literature by offering a concise, historically grounded narrative that links past monetary transformations to current digital financial innovations.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akdoğan, E. C. (2020). Uluslararası Para Sisteminin Geçmişi, Bugünü ve Geleceği. Çankaya Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 5(1), 91–120.
- Ampountolas, A. (2022). Cryptocurrencies Intraday High-Frequency Volatility Spillover Effects Using Univariate and Multivariate GARCH Models. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs10030051
- Atılgan Yaşa, A. (2022). Kamu Sektöründe Blok Zincir Teknolojisi Kullanımı: Türkiye’de Mevcut Durum Analizi. Journal of Yaşar University, 17(66), 615–633. https://doi.org/10.19168/jyasar.1065406
- Bank for International Settlements. (1996). Implications for Central Banks of the Developments of Electronic Money.
- Bank for International Settlements. (2000). Survey of Electronic Money Developments.
- Baur, D. G., Lee, A. D., & Hong, K. (2015). Bitcoin: Currency or Investment? SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2561183
- Bayar, İ. (2018). Bir Sömürü Aracı Olarak Dolar ve Türkiye Ekonomisi. In H. M. Paksoy, S. Paksoy, K. Sarıçoban, E. Kaya, & M. Seyhan (Eds.), Dollar as a Mean of Colonialism and the Economy of Turkey (pp. 411–420). 1st International Economics and Business Symposium (ECONBUSS).
- Begušić, S., Kostanjčar, Z., Eugene Stanley, H., & Podobnik, B. (2018). Scaling properties of extreme price fluctuations in Bitcoin markets. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 510, 400–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2018.06.131
- Binance Academy. (2023). Mining Pools Explained. Binance. https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/mining-pools-explained
- Bindseil, U. (2020). Tiered CBDC and the Financial System. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3513422