The impact of daily limited prey density levels on some biological characteristics of Phytoseiulus persimilis Athis-Henriot at various temperature and humidity conditions

Öz

This study aimed to determine the effects of daily limited prey levels on certain biological characteristics of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot at 25, 30, and 27-35 °C, with relative humidity conditions of 75±5% and 90±5%. In the study, four groups of predatory mites were established by providing varying densities of prey items daily. The first group received one egg, one larva, and one adult male of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Red form) each day; the second group received two eggs, two larvae, and two adult males; the third group received three eggs, three larvae, and three adult males; and the fourth group received four eggs, four larvae, and four adult males daily. All Phytoseiulus persimilis larvae successfully progressed to the protonymph stage without feeding at 25 and 30 °C (75% and 90% RH). However, no egg hatching was observed within the variable temperature range of 27-35 °C under both humidity conditions. The longest mean longevity was recorded at the second prey density level at 25 °C (75% RH), with an average duration of 10 days starting from the protonymph stage. The highest mean egg consumption was observed at 30 °C (75% RH) at the fourth prey level, with a mean of 27.4 eggs. In contrast, the highest consumption of larvae and adult males occurred at 25 °C (90% RH), with means of 26.8 larvae and 29 adult males, respectively, at the fourth prey level. At the first prey level, no oviposition occurred under either temperature or humidity condition. Oviposition of P. persimilis generally increased in tandem with the prey density, with a noticeable rise after the second prey level at 25 °C (75% and 90% RH). The highest oviposition rate, with a total of 1.9 eggs over the entire oviposition period, was observed at 25 °C (90% RH) at the fourth prey level.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• temperature
• humidity
• limited prey density

Farklı sıcaklık ve nem koşullarında günlük sınırlı av yoğunluğu düzeylerinin Phytoseiulus persimilis Athis-Henriot'un bazı biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, günlük sınırlı av düzeylerinin 25°C, 30°C ve 27-35°C değişken sıcaklıklarda, %75±5 ve %90±5 bağıl nem koşullarında avcı akar Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot'un bazı biyolojik özellikleri üzerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada av olarak avcı akar gruplarından ilkine her gün bir yumurta, bir larva ve bir Tetranychus urticae Koch (Kırmızı form) ergini; ikinci gruba iki yumurta, iki larva ve iki ergin erkek; üçüncü gruba üç yumurta, üç larva ve üç ergin erkek; dördüncü gruba ise dört yumurta, dört larva ve dört ergin erkek verilmiştir. Tüm P. persimilis larvaları 25 ve 30 °C'de (%75; %90 bağıl nem) beslenmeden protonimf dönemine ulaşmıştır. Ancak, her iki nem seviyesinde de 27-35 °C'lik değişken sıcaklık aralığında hiçbir yumurta açılmamıştır. En yüksek ortalama ömür, ergin öncesi protonimf döneminden itibaren toplam 10 gün ile 25 °C'de (%75 bağıl nem) ikinci av seviyesinde gözlenmiştir. En yüksek ortalama yumurta tüketimi, ortalama 27.4 yumurta ile dördüncü av seviyesinde 30°C'de (%75 bağıl nem) gözlenmiştir. Buna karşılık, en yüksek larva ve ergin erkek tüketimleri, dördüncü av düzeyinde sırasıyla 26.80 larva ve 29 adet ergin erkek ortalamasıyla 25°C’de (%90 bağıl nem) gerçekleşmiştir. İlk av düzeyinde, hiçbir sıcaklık ve nem düzeyinde üreme gerçekleşmemiştir. P. persimilis'in üreme gücü genel olarak 25°C sıcaklıkta (%75 ve %90 bağıl nem) ikinci besin düzeyinden sonra av yoğunluğundaki artışa paralel olarak artmıştır. P. persimilis'in en üreme gücü 25°C (%90 bağıl nem) ve dördüncü besin düzeyinde tüm ovipozisyon süresi için 1.9 adet yumurta olmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Phytoseiulus persimilis
• sıcaklık
• nem
• sınırlı av yoğunluğu

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