The interaction of the mycorrhizae of the fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (Walker & Schüßler, 2010) (Glomerales: Glomeraceae) and the stem and bulb nematode (Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857) (Tylenchida: Anguinidae) on the onion plant (Allium cepa L.) (Asparagales: Amaryllidaceae)

Öz

The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci, is a plant parasite that causes significant economic losses to growers of the main host plant, onion. Fungal mycorrhizae can increase plant growth and induce systemic resistance against many diseases and pests. However, no evidence of a detailed study was found regarding the relationship of mycorrhizae with D. dipsaci. In this study, the effects of the mycorrhizae of the fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, on D. dipsaci, the stem and bulb nematode, on the onion plant, Allium cepa, were investigated. The mycorrhizae did not significantly reduce nematode penetration and multiplication on onion plant roots. Mean penetration rates for mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants were 13.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The multiplication rate was between 0.6 and 1.3 in a growth chamber and 0.7 and 3.6 in a greenhouse. Fresh plant weight was 0.9-2.2 g in the greenhouse. Since the mycorrhizae of R. irregularis increased the growth of the onion plant by increasing its tolerance to D. dipsaci, it would be beneficial to increase mycorrhizal levels in onion growing areas where D. dipsaci, the stem and bulb nematode, is present.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• greenhouse experiment
• growth chamber experiment
• nematode plant fungi interaction
• nematode penetration rate
• nematode reproduction factor

Soğan bitkisinde mikoriza (Rhizophagus irregularis Walker & Schüßler, 2010) ve soğan sak nematodunun (Ditylenchus dipsaci Kühn, 1857) (Nematoda: Anguinidae) etkileşimi

Öz

Soğan sak nematodu ana konukçusu olan soğan bitkisinde önemli ekonomik kayıplara neden olan bir bitki paraziti nematod türüdür. Mikoriza bitki gelişimini ve sistemik dayanıklılığını arttırarak bitkileri çoğu hastalık ve zararlı etmenlerine karşı dayanıklı hale getirmektedir. Ancak soğan sak nematodu ile ilişkisine yönelik ayrıntılı bir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. Soğan bitkisinde mikorizanın soğan sak nematodu üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Mikoriza soğanda nematod penetrasyonu ve üremesini önemli oranda etkilememiştir. Ortalama penetrasyon oranları mikorizalı ve mikorizasız bitkilerde sırasıyla %13.5 ve %7.5 olarak belirlenmiştir. Üreme oranı büyütme dolabında 0.6-1.3 kat, serada 0.7-3.6 kat olarak elde edilmiştir. Bitki ağırlığı uygulamalarda 0.9-2.2 g arasında kayıt edilmiştir. Mikorizanın soğan bitkisinin gelişimini arttırarak soğan sak nematoduna toleransını arttırması nedeniyle, soğan sak nematodunun bulaşık olduğu soğan yetiştirme alanlarında yaygınlaştırılması faydalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• nematod bitki matar interaksiyonu
• nematod penetrasyon oranı
• nematod üreme oranı
• sera denemesi
• büyütme dolabı denemesi
• nematode reproduction factor

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