Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki entomopatojen nematod faunasının belirlenmesi

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 93 - 102, 13.07.2016

Çiğdem Güneş Uğur Gözel

Öz

Bu çalışma, Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki entomopatojen nematod faunasının belirlenmesi amacı ile 2006-2007 yıllarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Toprak örnekleri Marmara Bölgesi’ndeki toplam 11 ilden mayıs ve eylül ayları arasında alınmıştır. Her ilden 10-20 adet olmak üzere toplam 362 toprak örneği alınmıştır. Alınan toprak örneklerinden 22 adet entomopatojen nematod izolatı elde edilmiştir. Toprak örneklerinden entomopatojen nematod elde edilme oranı % 6.1 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen izolatların 13 tanesi Steinernema cinsine, 9 izolat ise Heterorhabditis cinsine aittir. İstanbul’dan 5, Sakarya’dan 6, Yalova’dan 4, Çanakkale’den 2, Tekirdağ, Bursa, Edirne, Balıkesir ve Kırklareli’nden ise birer tane entomopatojen nematod izolatı elde edilmiştir. Entomopatojen nematodların çoğu değişik habitatlardan elde edilmiş olmakla birlikte genellikle agroekosistem dışı doğal habitatlardan elde edilmiştir. Pozitif örneklerin tamamı kumlu-tın, kumlu-killi-tın ya da
tınlı-kum toprak tiplerinden elde edilmiştir. Entomopatojen nematod elde edilen toprakların organik madde içerikleri 0.43-7.05, pH değerleri ise 5.13-8.09 arasında bulunmuştur. Entomopatojen nematodlar doğal habitatlardan meşe, çınar, çam, kavak, söğüt ve çayır çimen alanlarındaki topraklardan elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen entomopatojen nematod izolatlarının morfolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş ve yapılan morfometrik ölçümler doğrultusunda tür teşhisleri yapılmıştır. Yapılan teşhisler sonucu elde edilen toplam 22 izolattan, Steinernema cinsine ait olan 7 tanesinin Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev), 5 tanesinin S. affine (Bovien) ve bir tanesinin de S. carpocapsae (Weiser) olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Heterorhabditis cinsine ait olan 9 izolatın ise Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar) olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan bu çalışma ile dünyada ve Avrupa’da en yaygın türler olarak bilinen S. feltiae ve H. bacteriophora’nın Marmara Bölgesi’nde de en yaygın entomopatojen nematod türleri olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema affine, Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, biyolojik mücadele

Determination of entomopathogenic nematode fauna in Marmara Region

Öz

This study was conducted during 2006-2007 for the goal of surveying and determining the entomopathogenic nematodes occurring in Marmara Region. Soil samples were collected from 11 cities of Marmara Region from May to September. Totally 362 soil samples, 10-20 for each city, were collected. The ratio of nematode recovery was determined as 6.1%. Thirteen isolates are belong to the genus of Steinernema and 9 isolates are belong to the genus Heterorhabditis. Five isolates from İstanbul, 6 isolates from Sakarya, 4 isolates from Yalova, 2 isolates from Çanakkale, one isolate from Tekirdağ, Bursa, Edirne, Balıkesir and Kırklareli were recovered. Although most of entomopathogenic nematode isolates are recovered from different habitats, they were generally detected more from natural and undisturbed habitats than disturbed habitats. All isolates recovered from sandy loam, sandy clay loam and loamy sand. Organic matter of positive sites ranged from 0.43-7.05% and pH of positive soil samples varied from 5.13- 8.09. Entomopathogenic nematode isolates recovered from soil of natural habitats, which include oak woodlands, plane tree, pine forest, poplar, willow and grasslands. Some morphological characters of entomopathogenic nematodes were determined and based on morphometric data nematode species were identified. The 13 recovered isolates were identified as Steinernema feltiae (Filipj.), Steinernema affine (Bovien) and one isolate were Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser), 9 recovered isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar). This survey proved that; the most common entomopathogenic nematode species all over the world and Europa; Steinernema feltiae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora are also the most common nematode species in Marmara Region.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Steinernema feltiae, Steinernema affine, Steinernema carpocapsae, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, biological control

Kaynakça

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