Gaziantep bağ alanlarındaki endofitik funguslar ve bunların fungal gövde patojenleriyle antagonistik ilişkileri

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 1, 48 - 66, 05.07.2022

Davut Soner Akgül , Halil İbrahim Kara

https://doi.org/10.31019/tbmd.1095497

Cited By: 1

Öz

Son yıllarda Türkiye ve dünya bağlarında, asma gövde hastalıklarıyla sıkça karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amaçları, Gaziantep bağlarında fungal gövde patojenlerini saptamak ve fungal endofitlerin asma fungal gövde patojenleriyle antagonistik ilişkilerini araştırmaktır. Sörvey çalışması İslahiye, Nurdağı ve Şahinbey ilçelerinde bulunan 51 bağda, Eylül 2020’de yürütülmüş, hastalık çıkışı ve yaygınlığı ortaya konmuştur. Patojenik ve endofitik türler arasındaki antagonistik ilişkiler PDA (patates dekstroz agar) besi yerinde ikili kültür testiyle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, incelenen tüm bağlarda lokal kuruma, geriye doğru ölüm ve apopleksi belirtilerine rastlanmış, bölgedeki ortalama hastalık sıklığı %1.2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tanı çalışmaları ve patojenisite testleri bölgedeki bağların asma gövde hastalıklarıyla ilişkili Biscogniauxia, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Diatrype, Diplodia, Eutypa, Neoscytalidium, Phaeoacremonium, Seimatosporium ve Kalmusia türleri ile enfekteli olduğunu göstermiştir. İkili kültür testlerinde, Penicillium fructuariae-cellae’nın ortalama 9.04 mm’lik inhibisyon zonuyla çoğu asma gövde patojenlerine antagonistik olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, asma gövde hastalıklarının mücadelesinde yeni fungal biyokontrol etmenlerini geliştirmek için endofitik Penicillium’lara daha fazla dikkat edilmesi gerektiğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Botryosphaeria, Diatrype, Seimatosporium, Kalmusia, Penicillium fructuariae-cellae, Antigonizm, Asma gövde hastalıkları

Destekleyen Kurum

Çukurova Üniversitesi, BAP Birimi Koordinatörlüğü

Proje Numarası

FYL-2021-13431

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmayı mali yönden destekleyen Çukurova Üniversitesi, Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyonu Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.

Endophytic fungi in vineyards in Gaziantep Province, Turkey and their antagonistic associations with fungal trunk pathogens

Öz

In recent years, grapevine trunk diseases are frequently encountered in the vineyards of the world, including Turkey. The aims of this study were to identify grapevine fungal trunk pathogens in vineyards in Gaziantep Province, Turkey, and to investigate antagonistic relationships of fungal endophytes with the fungal trunk pathogens. The survey study was conducted in 51 vineyards located in Şahinbey, Nurdağı and Islahiye districts in September 2020 and the disease prevalence and incidence were determined. Antagonistic associations between endophytic and pathogenic species were investigated with a dual culture test in PDA (potato dextrose agar) medium. Local drying, dieback and apoplexy symptoms were observed in all the vineyards inspected and the mean disease frequency in individual vines in the study area was calculated as 1.2%. Identification studies and pathogenicity tests indicated that the vineyards were infected with species of the genera, Biscogniauxia, Botryosphaeria, Cytospora, Diatrype, Diplodia, Eutypa, Kalmusia, Neoscytalidium, Phaeoacremonium, and Seimatosporium, which are known to be associated with grapevine trunk diseases. Penicillium fructuariae-cellae was found to be antagonistic, with an average 9.04 mm diameter inhibition zone, to most of the grapevine trunk pathogens in the dual culture tests. These results suggest that more attention should be paid to endophytic Penicillia species as novel fungal biological control agents for the management of grapevine trunk diseases.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antagonism, Botryosphaeria, Diatrype, endophyte, grapevine trunk diseases, Seimatosporium, Kalmusia, Penicillium fructuariae-cellae

Proje Numarası

FYL-2021-13431

Kaynakça

• Akgül D.S., H.İ. Kara, İ. Bülbül & M. Özarslandan, 2021a. Seimatosporium vitis, S. vitifusiforme ve Kalmusia variispora: Türkiye’de asma gövde hastalıklarıyla ilişkili yeni fungal patojenler. 8. Ulusal Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 24-28 Ağustos 2021, Bolu, 215.
• Akgül D.S., A. Yağcı, H.İ. Kara, İ. Bülbül, M. Özarslandan, N. Güngör-Savaş, M. Yıldız & R. Cangi, 2021b. Türkiye bağlarında Diatrypaceae geriye ölüm hastalığıyla ilişkili Diatrype stigma’nın ilk raporu. 8. Ulusal Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 24-28 Ağustos 2021, Bolu, 279.
• Akgül D.S., N.G. Savaş, T. Teker, B. Keykubat, J.S. Mayorquin & A. Eskalen, 2015. Fungal trunk pathogens of sultana seedless vineyards in the Aegean Region of Turkey. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 54 (2): 380-393.
• Akgül D.S., N.G. Savaş & A. Eskalen, 2014. First report of wood canker caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum, and Lasiodiplodia theobromae on grapevine in Turkey. Plant Disease, 98(4): 568.
• Almeida A.B., J. Concas, M.D. Compos, P. Materatski, C. Varanda, M. Patanita, S. Murolo, G. Romanazzi & M.R. Felix, 2020. Endophytic fungi as potential biological control agents against grapevine trunk diseases in Alentejo Region. Biology, MDPI, 9.420.
• Anonim, 2019. Türkiye üzüm üretimi. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu resmi internet sitesi, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=tarim-111&dil=1, (Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart2022).
• Ayres M., M. Sosnowski & T. Wicks, 2011. A rapid technique for evaluating treatments for Eutypa dieback control. Wine and Viticulture Journal, 26: 50-53.
• Barnett H.L. & B. B. Hunter, 2003. Illustrated genera of imperfect fungi, fourth edition. American Phytopathological Society. 218s.
• Blundell R., M. Arreguin & A. Eskalen, 2021. In vitro evaluation of grapevine endophytes, epiphytes and sap micro-organisms for potential use to control grapevine trunk disease pathogens. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 60 (3): 535-548.
• Carbone I. & L.M. Kohn, 1999. A method for designing primer sets for speciation studies in filamentous ascomycetes. Mycologia, 91 (3): 553-556.
• Chong J., A. Poutaraud & P. Hugueney, 2009. Metabolism and roles of stilbenes in plants. Plant Science, 177: 143-155.
• Crous P.W. & W. Gams, 2000. Phaeomoniella chlamydospora gen. et comb. nov., a causal organism of Petri grapevine decline and esca. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 39: 112-118.
• Deyett E. & P. Rolshausen, 2020. Endophytic microbial assemblage in grapevine. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, fiaa053.
• Dwibedi W. & S. Saxena, 2019. Diversity and phylogeny of resveratrol producing culturable endophytic fungi from Vitis species in India. 3 Biotechnology, 9: 182.
• Görür V. & D.S. Akgül, 2019. Fungicide suspensions combined with hot-water treatments affect endogenous Neofusicoccum parvum infections and endophytic fungi in dormant grapevine canes. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 58 (3): 559-571.
• Gramaje D., J.R. Urbez-Torres & M. Sosnowski, 2018. Managing grapevine trunk diseases with respect to etiology and epidemiology: current strategies and future prospects. Plant Disease, 102: 12-39.
• Güler D. & D.S. Akgül, 2020. Tarsus bağ alanlarında Neofusicoccum parvum’un yaygınlığı ve bazı sofralık üzüm çeşitlerinin patojene duyarlılıkları. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (3): 691-698.
• Lawrence D.P. & R. Travadon, 2018. Novel Seimatosporium species from grapevine in Northern California and their interactions with fungal pathogens involved in the trunk-disease complex. Plant Disease, 102: 1081-1092.
• Lorch W, 2014. Fatal wood diseases affect 12 percent of French vineyards. URL: https://www.wine-searcher.com/m/2014/10/fatal-wood-diseases-affect-12-percent-of-french-vineyards (Erişim tarihi: 29 Mart 2022).
• Lorenzini M., M.S., Cappello, G., Perrone, A., Logrieco & G. Zapparoli, 2019. New records of Penicillium and Aspergillus from withered grapes in Italy, and description of Penicillium fructuariae-cellae sp. nov.. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 58(2): 323-340.
• Mohammadi H., D. Gramaje, Z. Banihashemi & J. Armengol, 2013. Characterization of Diplodia seriata and Neofusicoccum parvum associated with grapevine decline in Iran. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology, 15: 603-616.
• Mostert L., J.Z. Groenewald, R.C. Summerbell, W. Gams & P.W. Crous, 2006. Taxonomy and pathology of Togninia (Diaporthales) and its Phaeoacremonium anamorphs. Studies in Mycology, 54: 1-113.
• O’Donnell K., E. Cigelnik & H.I. Nirenberg, 1998. Molecular systematics and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikuroi species complex. Mycologia, 90 (3): 465-493.
• Oksal E., Y. Çelik & G. Özer, 2019. Neoscytalidium dimidiatum causes canker and dieback on grapevine in Turkey. Australasian Plant Disease Notes, 14: 33.
• Pitt W.M., R. Huang, C.C. Steel & S. Savocchia, 2010. Identification, distribution and current taxonomy of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine decline in New South Wales and South Australia. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 16: 258–271.
• Porras-Alfaro A. & P. Bayman, 2011. Hidden fungi, emergent properties: endophytes and microbiomes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 49: 291-315.
• Rolshausen P.E., D.S. Akgül, R. Perez, A. Eskalen & C. Gispert, 2013. First report of wood canker caused by Neoscytalidium dimidiatum on grapevine in California. Plant Disease, 97: 1511.
• Schulz B. & C. Boyle, 2005. The endophytic continuum. Mycological Reseacrh, 190 (6): 661-686.
• Urbez-Torres J.R. & W.D. Gubler, 2011. Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae spp. isolated from grapevine cankers in California. Plant Disease, 93: 584-592.
• Varanda C.M.R., M. Oliviera, P. Materatski, M. Landum, M.I.E. Clara & M.R. Felix, 2016. Fungal endophytic communities associated to the phyllosphere of grapevine cultivars under different types of management. Fungal Biology, 120: 1525-1536.
• Vilgalys R. & M. Hester, 1990. Rapid genetic ıdentification and mapping of enzymatically amplified ribosomal DNA from several Cryptococcus species. Journal of Bacteriology, 172 (8): 4238-4246.
• White T.J., T. Bruns, S. Lee & J. Taylor, 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Eds. M.A. Innis, D.H. Gelfand, J.J. Snisky & T.J. White, In: PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. San Diego, Academic Press, 315–322s.
• Wicks T. & K. Davies, 1999. The effects of Eutypa on grapevine yield. Australian Grape Growers and Winemakers, 406: 15-16.
• Yağcı A., D.S. Akgül & R. Cangi, 2021. Tokat koşullarındaki asma çeşit ve anaçlarından izole edilen endofitik funguslar ve bunların bazı asma patojenlerine in vitro antagonistik etkileri. 8. Ulusal Bitki Koruma Kongresi Bildirileri, 24-28 Ağustos 2021, Bolu, 67.
• Zhang W., J.Z. Groenewald, L. Lombard, R.K. Schumacher, A.J.L. Phillips & P.W. Crous, 2021. Evaluating species in Botryosphaeriales. Persoonia, 46: 63-115.