Çocuklarda Uyku Özellikleri Ve Uyku Bozukluklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kırıkkale’den Bir Ön Çalışma

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, Kırıkkale’de yaşayan çocuklarda uyku düzeni ve alışkanlıklarının belirlenerek, uyku sorunlarının aydınlatılması, ailelerin uyku konusunda bilgilendirilmesidir.Olgular ve Metod: İki ay-16 yaş arası 240 çocuk gelişme basamakları ve uyku özellikleri dikkate alınarak yaş gruplarına (2-5 ay, 6-11 ay, 12-17 ay, 18-23 ay, 2-4 yaş, 5-6 yaş, 7-10 yaş, 11-16 yaş) ayrıldı. Her gruba 30 çocuk alındı. Ebeveynler ve yedi yaş üzeri çocuklara, yüz yüze görüşme yöntemiyle uyku özellikleri, sorunları ve uykuyu etkileyebilecek faktörler hakkında çoktan seçmeli sorulardan oluşan anket yapıldı.Bulgular: Toplam uyku süresi diğer ülkelerin verileri ile benzerdi. Odada elektromanyetik alet bulunması ile uyku düzeni ve bozukluğu arasında ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). İki yaşından büyük çocukların yaklaşık 1/3’ünün en az haftada bir kez kabus gördüğü saptandı. Uyku bozukluğu açısından, cinsiyet ve sosyoekonomik düzeyler arasında farklılık bulunmadı. En sık görülen uyku bozuklukları %8 horlama, %7 ağzı açık uyuma, %5 uykuda konuşma, %4 diş gıcırdatma, %3 horlama + apne olarak saptandı. Uyku bozukluğu olmayan çocukların okul başarısı daha yüksek olarak saptandı (p<0.05). Yatmadan önce diş fırçalama, kitap okuma, müzik dinleme gibi ritüelleri uygulayan annelerin eğitim düzeylerinin diğer annelere göre yüksek olduğu (p<0.05) ve uyku ritüelleri uygulanmayan çocuklarda okul başarısının daha düşük olduğu saptandı (p<0.05).Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının uyku düzeni ve problemleri hakkında sorgulanması, altta yatan sorunların tespitinde önemli ip uçları verebilir. Aynı zamanda iyi uyku ve uyku hijyeni hakkında aileler bilgilendirilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Uyku düzeni, uyku bozuklukları, çocuk

EVALUATION OF SLEEP PATTERNS AND SLEEP DISTURBANCES IN CHILDREN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY IN KIRIKKALE

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the sleep patterns and habits of children in Kırıkkale to detect sleeping problems while informing the parents about sleep.Methods: Twohundredforty children with the age range of 2 months-16 years were divided into eight groups with respect to age (2-5 months, 6-11 months, 12-17 months, 18-23 months, 2-4 years, 5-6 years, 7-10 years, 11-16 years). Each group contained 30 subjects. Parents and children older than 7 years were questioned for sleeping paterns, disorders and factors affecting their sleep by multiple-choice questions and using face-toface interview technique.Results: Total sleep duration was comparable with the duration of other countries. No correlation was found between the existence of electromagnetic devices in the room and the sleeping patterns and disorders (p>0.05). Nearly 1/3 children older than 2-years of age were found to have nightmares at least once a week. There were no differences in sleeping disorders between different genders and socioeconomic levels of the children (p>0.05). Sleeping disorders increased with age were snoring (8%), sleeping with open mouth (7%), talking in sleep (5%), teeth grinding (4%), snoring and apnea (3%). Children who do not have any sleeping disorders have school success higher than the others with sleeping disorders (p<0.05). The education levels of mothers who carry out sleep rituals including tooth brushing, reading book, listening music were higher than the other mothers (p<0.05) and school success of children who do sleep rituals were lower thatn the other children (p< 0.05).Conclusion: Parents should ask to their children about the sleeping patterns and disorders of the children, because this would be an important occasion to discover an underlying disorder. Furthermore, parents should be given information about sleep disorders and sleep hygiene

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sleep patterns, sleep disorders, children

Kaynakça

1. van Litsenburg RR, Waumans RC, van den Berg G, Gemke RJ.
2. Sleep habits and sleep disturbances in Dutch children: a popula- tion-based study. Eur J Pediatr 2010;169(8):1009-15.
3. Jenni OG, Wenner H. Cultural issues in children’s sleep: a model for clinical practice. Pediatr Clin North Am 2011;58(3):755-63.
4. Kohyama J, Shiiki T, Ohinata-Sugimoto J, Hasegawa T. Potentially harmful sleep habits of 3-year-old children in Japan. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2002;23(2):67-70.
5. Thompson DA, Christakis DA. The association between television viewing and irregular sleep schedules among children less than 3 years of age. Pediatrics 2005;116(4):851–6.
6. Glaze DG. Childhood insomnia: why Chris can’t sleep. Pediatr Clin North Am 2004;51(1):33-50.
7. Bandla H, Splaingard M. Sleep problems in children with common medical disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am 2004;51(1):203-27.
8. Van Sleuwen BE, L’Hoir MP, Engelberts AC, Westers P, Schulpen TW. Infant care practices related to cot death in Turkish and Moroc- can Families in the Netherlands. Arch Dis Child 2003;88(9):784-8.

9. Nelson EA, Yu LM, Williams S; International Child Care Practices Study Group Members. International Child Care Practices study: breastfeeding and pacifier use. J Hum Lact 2005;21(3):289-95.
10. DiGirolamo AM, Grummer-Strawn LM, Fein SB. Effect of mater- nity-care practices on breastfeeding. Pediatrics 2008;122(S2):43-9.
11. Brenner RA, Simons-Morton BG, Bhaskar B, Revenis M, Das A, Clemens JD. Infant-parent bed sharing in an inner-city population. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2003;157(1):33–9.
12. McKenna JJ, McDade T. Why babies should never sleep alone: A review of the co-sleeping controversy in relation to SIDS, bedshar- ing and breast feeding. Paediatr Respir Rev 2005;6(2):134-52.
13. Jenni OG, O’Connor BB. Children’s sleep: an interplay between culture and biology. Pediatrics 2005;115(S1):204-16.
14. Cortesi F, Giannotti F, Sebastiani T, Vagnoni C. Cosleeping and sleep behavior in Italian school-aged children. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2004;25(1):28–33.
15. Jenni OG, Fuhrer HZ, Iglowstein I, Molinari L, Largo RH. A lon- gitudinal study of bed sharing and sleep problems among Swiss children in the first 10 years of life. Pediatrics 2005;115(S1):233- 40.
16. Dworak M, Schierl T, Bruns T, Strüder HK. Impact of singular excessive computer game and television exposure on sleep pat- terns and memory performance of school-aged children. Pediatrics 2007;120(5):978-85.
17. Christakis DA. The effects of infant media usage: what do we know and what should we learn? Acta Paediatr 2009;98(1):8-16.
18. Russo PM, Bruni O, Lucidi F, Ferri R, Violani C. Sleep habits and circadian preference in Italian children and adolescents. J Sleep Res 2007;16(2):163-9.
19. Bharti B, Malhi P, Kashyap S. Patterns and problems of sleep in school going children. Indian Pediatr 2006;43(1):35-8.
20. Iglowstein I, Jenni OG, Molinari L, Largo RH. Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: Reference values and generational trends. Pediatrics 2003;111(2):302-7.
21. LeBourgeois MK, Giannotti F, Cortesi F, Wolfson AR, Harsh J. The relationship between reported sleep quality and sleep hygiene in Italian and American adolescents. Pediatrics 2005;115(1 Sup- pl):257-65.
22. Thorleifsdottir B, Björnsson JK, Benediktsdottir B, Gislason Th, Kristbjarnarson H. Sleep and sleep habits from childhood to young adulthood over a 10-year period. J Psychosom Res 2002;53(1):529- 37.
23. Muris P, Merckelbach H, Gadet B, Moulaert V. Fears, worries, and scary dreams in 4- to 12-year-old children: their content, develop- mental pattern, and origins. J Clin Child Psychol 2000;29(1):43- 52.
24. Ivanenko A, Crabtree VM, Gozal D. Sleep in children with psychi- atric disorders. Pediatr Clin North Am 2004;51(1):51-68.
25. Laberge L, Tremblay RE, Vitaro F, Montplaisir J. Development of parasomnias from childhood to early adolescence. Pediatrics 2000;106(1):67-74.
26. Agargun MY, Cilli AS, Sener S, Bilici M, Ozer OA, Selvi Y, Ka- racan Y. The prevalence of parasomnias in preadolescent school- aged children: a Turkish sample. Sleep 2004;27(4):701-5.
27. Petit D, Touchette E, Tremblay RE, Boivin M, Montplaisir J. Dyssomnias and parasomnias in early childhood. Pediatrics 2007;119(5):1016-25.
28. Thunström M. Severe sleep problems among infants in a normal population in Sweden: prevalence, severity and correlates. Acta Pediatr 1999;88(12):1356-63.