ALTI AY- BEŞ YAŞ ARASI ÇOCUKLARDA DEMİR EKSİKLİĞİ VE BESLENME İLİŞKİSİ

Yıl 2020, , 176 - 184, 18.03.2020

Elif Ünver Korğalı , Meriç Kaymak Cihan

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.578904

Öz

Amaç: Demir eksikliği
(DE) ve demir eksikliği anemisi (DEA) en sık besinsel eksiklik olup, çocuklarda
fiziksel ve kognitif gelişim üzerinde olumsuz etkiler doğurabilmektedir.
Özellikle yaşamın ilk yıllarındaki beslenme DE/DEA ile doğrudan ilişkilidir. Bu
çalışmadaki amacımız, 6 ay-5 yaş arasındaki sağlıklı çocuklarda beslenme ile
DE/DEA arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız,
Eylül 2014 - Eylül 2016 tarihlerinde Sivas Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp
Fakültesi Hastanesi, Pediatri Polikliniğine başvuran 6 ay-5 yaştaki çocuklarda
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocuklar tam kan sayımı, serum demir düzeyi, total demir
bağlama kapasitesi, serum ferritin düzeyi ölçülerek iki gruba ayrılmıştır. Grup
1; DE/DEA olanlar, Grup 2; normal çocuklardan oluşmaktadır. Çocukların beslenme
özellikleri annelerinden öğrenilmiştir.

Bulgular: Çalışmamızda
toplam187 çocuk yer almıştır (Grup 1=88, Grup 2=99). Her iki grupta çocukların
cinsiyet ve yaş ortalamaları benzerdir (sırasıyla 22,68±14,22 ve 21,77±13,27
ay, p>0,05). Grup 2’deki çocukların doğum ağırlığı daha fazla (sırasıyla
3091,07±487,78 ve 3268,68±509,28 gr, p<0,05) ve doğum haftası daha
geçtir  (38,46±1,19 ve 38,82±1,24 hafta,
p<0,05). Ağırlık ve boy persentili, ≥50 p olan çocuk sayısı
Grup 2’de daha fazladır. Toplam anne sütü ile beslenme süresi benzer iken
(sırasıyla 12,59±8,50 ve 13,50±7,06 ay, p>0,05), sadece anne sütü ile
beslenme süresi Grup 1’de daha uzundur (sırasıyla 5,74±2,89 ve 4,36±2,15 ay,
p<0,05). Grup 1’deki çocukların ek besine başlama zamanları daha geçtir.
Çocukların demir durumu ile tüketilen beyaz peynir, kaşar, lor ve labne
peyniri, yumurta, kırmızı et, tavuk ve balık, ev yoğurdu ve sebze yemekleri
arasında pozitif korelasyon, yemek suyu, hazır çorba, hazır meyve suyu ve siyah
çay tüketimi ile ise negatif korelasyon saptanmıştır.  

Sonuç: Çocuklarda DE/DEA
ile beslenme arasında yakın bir ilişki vardır. Çocukların DE/DEA nden korunması
için annelerin demir deposunun yeterli olması, anne sütüyle beslenme, doğru
zamanda demir içeriği zengin ve biyoyararlanımı yüksek besinlerle tamamlayıcı
beslenmeye geçiş ve düzenli takip önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çocukluk çağı, demir eksikliği, beslenme

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN IRON DEFICIENCY AND NUTRITION IN CHILDREN AGED 6 MONTHS-5 YEARS

Öz

Objective: Iron
deficiency (ID)/iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common nutritional
deficiencies and may have negative effects on physical-cognitive development in
children. Nutrition, especially in the first years of life, is directly related
to ID/IDA. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between
nutrition and ID/IDA in healthy children aged 6 months-5 years.

Material-Methods:
Our study was carried out between September 2014-September 2016 in children
aged 6 months-5 years who applied  Pediatric Outpatient Clinic of Sivas
Cumhuriyet University Medical Faculty. Children were divided into two groups by
measuring complete blood count, serum iron, ferritin levels and total iron
binding capacity. Group1: patients with ID/IDA, Group2: normal children.
Nutritional characteristics of children were learned from their mothers.

Results: The study included
totally 187 children (Group1=88, Group2=99). The sex and mean age of the
children were similar (respectively, 22.68±14.22 vs. 21.77±13.27 months,
p>0.05). In Group2, mean birth weight was higher (respectively,
3091.07±487.78 vs. 3268.68±509.28 gr, p<0.05) and mean birth weeks were
later (38.46±1.19 vs. 38.82±1.24 weeks, p<0.05). In Group2, the number of
children with weight-height percentile ≥50 p were higher. While
total duration of breastfeeding was similar (12.59±8.50 vs. 13.50±7.06 months, p>0.05),
exclusively breastfeeding time was longer in Group1 (5.74±2.89 vs. 4.36±2.15 months, p<0.05).
The time of starting complementary feeding was later in Group1. There was a
positive correlation between the iron status of children and consumed
white/cheddar/curd/labne cheese, eggs, red meat, chicken, fish, home yoghurt,
vegetables and negative correlation with consumption of food juice, instant
soup, instant fruit juice and black tea.

Conclusion: There is
a close relationship between ID/IDA and nutrition in children. For the
protection of children from ID/IDA, sufficient iron storage of mothers’,
breastfeeding, transition to complementary feeding with iron rich content and
bioavailability at the right time and regular follow-up are important.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Childhood, iron deficiency, nutrition

Kaynakça

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