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Hışıltılı Çocuklarda Etiyoloji: Dört Yıllık Verilerimiz

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 24 - 30, 01.12.2009

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, yaşları 1 ay3 yaş arasında olup en az üç kez hışıltı atağı geçirmiş olan çocuklarda etiyolojinin ortaya konması ve ek olarak atopinin eşlik ettiği çoklu-tetiklenen hışıltısı olan çocuklar ile epizodik (viral) hışıltısı olan çocukların birbiriyle kıyaslanması amaçlandı. Olgular ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya ilki 1 yaş altında olmak koşulu ile en az üç hışıltı atağı geçirmiş olan toplam 170 çocuk alındı. Etiyolojiyi aydınlatmak üzere, ayrıntılı öykü ve fizik muayenenin yanı sıra, tam kan sayımı, periferik kanda eozinofil, serum immunglobulin düzeyleri, ter testi, PPD, akciğer grafisi, gastroösefageal reflü sintigrafisi, allerjen spesifik IgE, deri ‘prick’ testi ve gerektiği hallerde yapılan toraksın bilgisayarlı tomografi incelemesi, hastaların dosyalarından retrospektif olarak kaydedildi. Bulgular: Etiyolojik açıdan yapılan incelemeler ile 67 olgu (% 39.4) viral hışıltı atakları, 57 olgu (% 33.5) atopinin eşlik ettiği çoklu-tetiklenen hışıltı atakları, 29 olgu (% 17.1) gastroösefageal reflü, 5 olgu (% 2.9) bronkopulmoner displazi tanısı aldı. Viral hışıltılı çocuklarda ilk atak yaşının atopinin eşlik ettiği çoklu-tetiklenen hışıltısı olanlara kıyasla daha düşük olduğu (p=0.013) ve evde nemin daha çok ifade edildiği (p=0.012) belirlendi. Maternal astım ve ailede atopi öyküsüne atopinin eşlik ettiği çoklu-tetiklenen hışıltısı olan gurupta çok daha sık rastlanırken (sırasıyla p=0.006 ve p<0.001), total IgE ve periferik kanda eozinofil yüzdesi de bu gurupta viral hışıltısı olanlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksek bulundu (p<0.001, her ikisi için). Sonuç: Hayatın ilk üç yılında tekrarlayan hışıltısı olan çocuklarda etiyolojiyi ortaya çıkarmak, erken tedavi ve prognoz açısından oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle atopinin eşlik ettiği çoklu-tetiklenen hışıltılı çocuklarda erken tanı ve tedavi, bronşlardaki geri dönüşümsüz değişiklikleri büyük oranda önleyecektir.

Kaynakça

  • Tuncer A. Çocukluk çağında bronşial astma. Katkı Pediatri Dergi- si: H.Ü.T.F 1997;18: 712 -723.
  • Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associıates. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 138.
  • Cortes Alvarez N, Martin Mateos MA, Plaza Martin AM, Giner Munoz MT,Piguer M, Sierra Martinez JI. Risk factors of develo- ping asthma in children with recurrent wheezing in the first three years of life. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007; 35: 228 -231.
  • Martinati LC, Boner AL. Clinical diagnosis of wheezing in early childhood. Allergy 1995; 50: 701 -710.
  • Balbani AP, Weber SA, Montovani JC. Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Braz J Otorrinolaringol 2005; 71: 80.
  • Moss MH, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. Asthma in infancy and child- hood. In: Adkinson NF, Yunginger JW, Buse WW, Bochner BS, Holgate ST, Simons FER (eds) Middleton’s Allergy: Principles and Practice, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Mosby, Inc. 2003: 1225- 1256.
  • Brand PL, Baraldi E, Bisgaard H, Boner AL, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Custovic A, de Blic J, de Jongste JC, Eber E, Everard ML, Frey U, Gappa M, Garcia-Marcos L, Grigg J, Lenney W, Le Souëf P, McKenzie S, Merkus PJ, Midulla F, Paton JY, Piacentini G, Pohu- nek P, Rossi GA, Seddon P, Silverman M, Sly PD, Stick S, Valiulis A, van Aalderen WM, Wildhaber JH, Wennergren G, Wilson N, Zivkovic Z, Bush A.. Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based app- roach. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 1096-1110.
  • Jain A, Patwari AK, Bajaj P, Kashyap R, Anand VK. Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease in young children with persis- tent respiratory symptoms. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48: 39 -42.
  • Weiss LN. The diagnosis of wheezing in children. Am Fam Physi- cian. 2008; 77: 1109-1114.
  • Go RO, Martin TR, Lester MR. A wheezy infant unresponsive to bronchodilators. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78: 449
  • Çevik D, Ecevit Ç, Altınöz S, Kocabaş Ö, Kavaklı T, Öztürk A. Hışıltılı çocuklarda risk faktörleri ve etiyoloji. Toraks Dergisi 2007; : 149 -155.
  • Iniestra Flores F, Gomez Vera J, Orea Solano M, Flores Sandoval G, Cruz Parada Mdel C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in pedi- atric patients with asthma. Rev Alerg Mex 2002; 49: 152 -156.
  • Hoeger PH, Niggemann B, Haeuser G. Age related IgG subclass concentrations in asthma. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 179 -182.
  • Oner AF, Caksen H, Celik A, Cesur Y, Uner A, Arslan S. Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses with recur- rent wheezing. Indian J Pediatr 2000; 67: 861-864.
  • Hall CB. Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1917- 1928.
  • Williams JV, Harris PA, Tollefson SJ, Halburnt-Rush LL, Ping- sterhaus JM, Edwards KM, Wright PF, Crowe JE Jr. Human metaıpneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in other- wise healthy infants and children. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 443
  • Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S, Niesters HG, Lehtinen P, Osterback R, Vuorinen T, Waris M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, van den Hoogen BG, Hyypiä T, Ruuskanen O. Human bocavirus and acu- te wheezing in children. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 904 -910.
  • Simon MR, Havstad SL, Wegienka GR, Ownby DR, Johnson CC. Risk factors associated with transient wheezing in young children. Allergy Asthma Proc 2008; 29: 161- 165.
  • Martinez FD. What have we learned from the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study? Paediatr Respir Rev 2002; 3: 193-197.
  • Stein RT, Martinez FD. Asthma phenotypes in childhood: lessons from an epidemiological approach. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004; 5: 161.
  • Taussig LM, Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ, Martinez FD. Tucson’s Children’s Respiratory Study:1980 to pre- sent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 661 -675.

THE ETIOLOGY IN WHEEZY INFANTS: DATA OF OUR PATIENTS IN A FOUR YEAR PERIOD

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 24 - 30, 01.12.2009

Öz

Aim: In this study, we aimed to investigate the etiology in children aged between 1 month to 3 years who had suffered at least three wheezing episodes; additionally, to compare the children having multiple-trigger wheeze accompanied with atopy with children having episodic (viral) wheeze. Patients and Methods: This study included 170 patients who had at least three wheezing episodes on condition that the first episode before the age one. To clarify the etiology of wheezing episodes, in addition to a detailed history and physical examination, complete blood count, blood eosinophils, serum immunoglobulin levels, sweat chloride test, PPD skin testing, lung X-ray, scintigraphy for gastroesophageal reflux, allergen spesific IgE, allergen skin prick tests and, examination of thorax CT which was performed when required were all recorded from the hospital files of patients retrospectively.Results: With studies regarding etiology, 67 patients (39.4 %) were diagnosed as viral wheeze, 57 patients (33.5 %) multiple-trigger wheeze accompanied with atopy, 29 patients (17.1 %) gastroesophageal reflux disease and 5 patients (2.9 %) bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The age of children with viral wheeze at the first episode was younger (p=0.013) and they had more dampness in their homes than those of children with multiple-trigger wheeze accompanied with atopy (p= 0.012). The rate of maternal asthma and family history of atopy (p=0.006 and p<0.001, respectively), as well as total IgE levels and blood eosinophils (p<0.001, for both) were found significantly higher in children with multiple-trigger wheeze accompanied with atopy in comparison to children with viral wheeze.Conclusion: To explore the etiology in children having wheezing episodes in the first three years of life is important for early treatment and prognosis. Early diagnosis and intervention of patients with multiple-trigger wheeze accompanied with atopy will prevent irreversible changes in the airway

Kaynakça

  • Tuncer A. Çocukluk çağında bronşial astma. Katkı Pediatri Dergi- si: H.Ü.T.F 1997;18: 712 -723.
  • Martinez FD, Wright AL, Taussig LM, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ. Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. The Group Health Medical Associıates. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 138.
  • Cortes Alvarez N, Martin Mateos MA, Plaza Martin AM, Giner Munoz MT,Piguer M, Sierra Martinez JI. Risk factors of develo- ping asthma in children with recurrent wheezing in the first three years of life. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2007; 35: 228 -231.
  • Martinati LC, Boner AL. Clinical diagnosis of wheezing in early childhood. Allergy 1995; 50: 701 -710.
  • Balbani AP, Weber SA, Montovani JC. Update in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children. Braz J Otorrinolaringol 2005; 71: 80.
  • Moss MH, Gern JE, Lemanske RF. Asthma in infancy and child- hood. In: Adkinson NF, Yunginger JW, Buse WW, Bochner BS, Holgate ST, Simons FER (eds) Middleton’s Allergy: Principles and Practice, 6th ed. Philadelphia, Mosby, Inc. 2003: 1225- 1256.
  • Brand PL, Baraldi E, Bisgaard H, Boner AL, Castro-Rodriguez JA, Custovic A, de Blic J, de Jongste JC, Eber E, Everard ML, Frey U, Gappa M, Garcia-Marcos L, Grigg J, Lenney W, Le Souëf P, McKenzie S, Merkus PJ, Midulla F, Paton JY, Piacentini G, Pohu- nek P, Rossi GA, Seddon P, Silverman M, Sly PD, Stick S, Valiulis A, van Aalderen WM, Wildhaber JH, Wennergren G, Wilson N, Zivkovic Z, Bush A.. Definition, assessment and treatment of wheezing disorders in preschool children: an evidence-based app- roach. Eur Respir J 2008; 32: 1096-1110.
  • Jain A, Patwari AK, Bajaj P, Kashyap R, Anand VK. Association of gastroesophageal reflux disease in young children with persis- tent respiratory symptoms. J Trop Pediatr 2002; 48: 39 -42.
  • Weiss LN. The diagnosis of wheezing in children. Am Fam Physi- cian. 2008; 77: 1109-1114.
  • Go RO, Martin TR, Lester MR. A wheezy infant unresponsive to bronchodilators. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997; 78: 449
  • Çevik D, Ecevit Ç, Altınöz S, Kocabaş Ö, Kavaklı T, Öztürk A. Hışıltılı çocuklarda risk faktörleri ve etiyoloji. Toraks Dergisi 2007; : 149 -155.
  • Iniestra Flores F, Gomez Vera J, Orea Solano M, Flores Sandoval G, Cruz Parada Mdel C. Gastroesophageal reflux disease in pedi- atric patients with asthma. Rev Alerg Mex 2002; 49: 152 -156.
  • Hoeger PH, Niggemann B, Haeuser G. Age related IgG subclass concentrations in asthma. Arch Dis Child 1994; 70: 179 -182.
  • Oner AF, Caksen H, Celik A, Cesur Y, Uner A, Arslan S. Serum immunoglobulins and immunoglobulin G subclasses with recur- rent wheezing. Indian J Pediatr 2000; 67: 861-864.
  • Hall CB. Respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 1917- 1928.
  • Williams JV, Harris PA, Tollefson SJ, Halburnt-Rush LL, Ping- sterhaus JM, Edwards KM, Wright PF, Crowe JE Jr. Human metaıpneumovirus and lower respiratory tract disease in other- wise healthy infants and children. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 443
  • Allander T, Jartti T, Gupta S, Niesters HG, Lehtinen P, Osterback R, Vuorinen T, Waris M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, van den Hoogen BG, Hyypiä T, Ruuskanen O. Human bocavirus and acu- te wheezing in children. Clin Infect Dis 2007; 44: 904 -910.
  • Simon MR, Havstad SL, Wegienka GR, Ownby DR, Johnson CC. Risk factors associated with transient wheezing in young children. Allergy Asthma Proc 2008; 29: 161- 165.
  • Martinez FD. What have we learned from the Tucson Children’s Respiratory Study? Paediatr Respir Rev 2002; 3: 193-197.
  • Stein RT, Martinez FD. Asthma phenotypes in childhood: lessons from an epidemiological approach. Paediatr Respir Rev 2004; 5: 161.
  • Taussig LM, Wright AL, Holberg CJ, Halonen M, Morgan WJ, Martinez FD. Tucson’s Children’s Respiratory Study:1980 to pre- sent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003; 111: 661 -675.
Toplam 21 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA28BJ52FR
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Ayfer İnal Bu kişi benim

Seval Güneşer Kendirli Bu kişi benim

Derya Ufuk Altıntaş Bu kişi benim

Mustafa Yılmaz Bu kişi benim

Gülbin Bingöl Karakoç Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Gönderilme Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver İnal A, Kendirli SG, Altıntaş DU, Yılmaz M, Karakoç GB. THE ETIOLOGY IN WHEEZY INFANTS: DATA OF OUR PATIENTS IN A FOUR YEAR PERIOD. Türkiye Çocuk Hast Derg. 2009;3(1):24-30.

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