Initial symptom of different developmental problems: Language delay

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 13 Sayı: 6, 468 - 474, 23.12.2019

Pelin Çelik İclal Ayrancı Sucaklı Halil İbrahim Yakut

https://doi.org/10.12956/tchd.587587

Öz

Objective: The aim is to
evaluate sociodemographic characteristics, differential diagnoses
and risk factors of
children with language delay.

Material and
Methods: This retrospective study was included 222 children with language delay referred to a tertiary developmental-behavioral pediatrics
clinic. Children were evaluated with the Bayley Scales of Infant and
Toddler Development 2nd Edition and Guide for Monitoring and Child Development.

Results: Most of families (78%) firstly admitted to pediatricians. Only 38.7% of
the children had expressive language disorder, while 39.6% had cognitive delay
and 14% had autism spectrum disorder (ASD). 
56.8% of the children did not have book. Book ownership decreased with
increasing sibling count and lower parents educational level.
Kindergarten/pre-school education was in only 3.2% of the children. 15.8% of
the children did not have any opportunity for peer relationship. Most of
the children
(82.4%) had daily screen time above 4 hours. Mental Developmental Index scores were lower in children with lack of books, and
parents with ≤8 years of education.

Conclusion: Serious
neurodevelopmental problems including cognitive delay and ASD should be
considered in children with language delay. Pediatricians play a central role in early diagnosis, appropriate management and should guide the
families about protective
factors that affect language development.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Key words: language delay, autism spectrum disorder, cognitive delay, early diagnosis

Farklı gelişimsel problemlerin ilk bulgusu: Konuşma gecikmesi

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada konuşma
gecikmesi yakınması ile başvuran çocukların sosyodemografik özelliklerinin,
ayırıcı tanılarının ve konuşma gecikmesi ile ilişkili risk faktörlerinin
incelenmesi amaçlandı.

Gereç ve Yöntemler: Gelişimsel
pediatri polikliniğine “konuşma gecikmesi” yakınması
ile başvuran 222 çocuğun tıbbi kayıtları retrospektif olarak
gözden geçirildi. Çocuklar Gelişimi İzleme ve Destekleme Rehberi (GİDR) ve
Bayley Bebekler İçin Gelişimsel Değerlendirme Ölçeği II kullanılarak
değerlendirildi.

Bulgular: Çocukların
%78’i ilk olarak çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları uzmanlarına başvurmuşlardı.
Olguların sadece %38,7’sinde ifade edici dil gelişiminde izole gecikme
saptanırken, %39.6’isında bilişsel gecikme, 
%14’ünde otizm spektrum bozukluğu saptandı. Çocukların %56.8’inin evde
kendisine ait kitabı yoktu. Kardeş sayısı arttıkça ve ebeveyn eğitim düzeyi
düştükçe kitaba sahip olma oranının düştüğü görüldü (p˂0,05). Çocukların sadece
%3.2’si okul öncesi eğitim alıyordu, %15.8’ünün oyun alanı/park gibi yaşıt ilişkilerinin
sağlanacağı ortamlarda bulunma fırsatının olmadığı saptandı. Çocukların
çoğunluğunun (%82.4) ekran maruziyeti günde 4 saat ya da daha fazlaydı. Evde
kendisine ait kitabı olmayan ve ebeveyn eğitim süresi 8 yıl ve altında olan
çocukların MDI puanları daha düşük saptandı (p <0,05).

Sonuç: Konuşma gecikmesi ile
başvuran olgularda bilişsel gecikme, otizm spektrum bozukluğu gibi ciddi
nörogelişimsel sorunların da göz önüne alınması gerekmektedir. Çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları
uzmanları dil ve konuşma alanındaki gecikmelerin erken saptanmasında, uygun yönlendirilmesinde
ve dil gelişimini etkileyen değiştirilebilir koruyucu faktörler hakkında
ailelere rehberlik etmede önemli role sahiptirler. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

konuşma gecikmesi, otizm spectrum bozukluğu, bilişsel gecikme, erken tanı

Kaynakça

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