In the Context of Russian Orientalism Evaluation of Afghanistan History

Öz

Afghanistan, an old trade and migration center due to its central location in Asia, or it is also called Bactria in some ancient sources, not counting the part called Kuhistan (Sistan and Balochistan) [the region between Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan]; Kabul, Herat, Ghazni, Kandahar, Mazar-i-Sharif, Belh, Host, Pul-i Humri, Jalalabad, Kunduz etc. It is a very important region located on the historical Silk Road route where the cities are located. On the other hand, these lands, which are in a key position in the middle of regions such as Turkestan (Central Asia), India, China (with the Vahan Corridor) and the Middle East, where four civilizations such as anasır-ı erbaa intersect on the earth; it has always attracted the attention of great states in the past and today; played an important role in the economic, political and cultural relations of the powers that shaped this geography. In the words of the sociologist Ibn Khaldun: “Geography is destiny.” Afghanistan, which was left to be desperately deprived by the great powers, has not lessened the storms in the inexorable Hindu Kush and Pamir mountains, and wars have not been missing in its destiny. In this article, the history of the devastated Afghanistan in the context of Russian orientalism will be evaluated with the Weberian verstehende/interpretation method.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afghanistan
• Russia
• Turkestan
• Orientalism
• Afghan history

RUS ŞARKİYATÇILIĞI BAĞLAMINDA AFGANİSTAN TARİHİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Asya’daki merkezi konumu nedeniyle eski bir ticaret ve göç merkezi olan Afganistan ya da bazı eski kaynaklarda Baktriya diye de anılır, Kuhistan (Sistan ve Belucistan) [İran, Pakistan ve Afganistan arasındaki bölge] diye adlandırılan kısmı saymazsak; Kâbil, Herat, Gazne, Kandehar, Mezar-ı Şerif, Belh, Host, Pul-i Humri, Celalabad, Kunduz vb. şehirlerin yer aldığı tarihi İpek Yolu güzergâhında bulunan oldukça önemli bir bölgedir. Diğer yandan Türkistan (Orta Asya), Hindistan, Çin (Vahan Koridoru ile) ve Orta Doğu gibi bölgelerin tam ortasında kilit bir konumda bulunarak, anâsır-ı erbaa gibi dört medeniyetin yeryüzü üzerinde kesiştiği bu topraklar; geçmişte ve günümüzde büyük devletlerin her daim dikkatini çekmiş; bu coğrafyayı şekillendiren güçlerin ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel ilişkilerinde önemli bir rol oynamıştır. Sosyolog İbn-i Haldun’un deyişiyle: “Coğrafya bir kaderdir.” Büyük devletlerce umarsız bir mahrum bırakılmaya terk edilmiş Afganistan’ın, amansız Hindukuş ve Pamir dağlarında fırtınaların azalmadığı gibi kaderinde savaşlar da eksik olmamıştır. Bu makalede harap ülke Afganistan’ın Rus şarkiyatçılığı bağlamında tarihi Weberci verstehende/ yorumlama yöntemiyle değerlendirilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afganistan
• Rusya
• Türkistan
• Şarkiyatçılık
• Afgan tarihi

Kaynakça

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