Catalyst Effect in Disaster Management and Humanitarian Aid Activities: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

Öz

The functionality of communication tools, detection systems, and databases used to access accurate data in disaster situations is crucial for making necessary interventions and ensuring that the actors in the disaster management system perform at their best. This study examines the impact of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles on the mapping, search and rescue, and distribution processes involved in humanitarian aid activities as part of disaster response, compared to traditional methods. In this context, it was aimed to create a typology for future studies by determining that UAVs combined with artificial intelligence, machine learning, etc. systems can provide optimization in resource use for decision-making mechanisms during and after disasters, detection and diagnosis for search and rescue officers, and time and cost benefits for medical intervention teams in delivering medicine and materials to disaster victims. In addition, it was determined that there is a need for regulations among stakeholders regarding the legislation and use of UAVs from a legal perspective.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Disaster management
• Humanitarian aid
• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)

Afet Yönetimi ve İnsani Yardım Faaliyetlerinde Katalizör Etki: İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA)

Öz

Afet durumlarında doğru verilere ulaşmak için kullanılan iletişim araçlarının, tespit sistemlerinin ve veri tabanlarının işlevselliği, gerekli müdahalelerin yapılması ve afet yönetim sistemindeki aktörlerin en iyi performansı göstermelerinin sağlanması açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada afetlere müdahalelerin bir bölümü olan insani yardım faaliyetlerinin geleneksel yöntemlerle ilişkili olarak haritalama, arama-kurtarma ve dağıtım süreçlerinde, İnsansız Hava Araçlarının nasıl bir etki oluşturabileceği tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapay zeka, makine öğrenmesi vb. sistemlerle birleştirilen İHA’ların afet esnasında ve sonrasında; karar mekanizmalarına kaynak kullanımında optimizasyon, arama kurtarma görevlilerine tespit ve teşhis, tıbbi müdahale ekiplerine ise afetzedelere ilaç ve malzemelerin ulaştırılmasında zaman ve maliyet açısından faydalar sağlayabileceği bununla birlikte hukuki açıdan paydaşlar arasında İHA’ların mevzuat ve kullanım noktasında düzenlemelerin yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulduğu tespit edilerek gelecek çalışmalara bir tipoloji oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Afet yönetimi
• İnsani yardım faaliyetleri
• İnsansız Hava Araçları

Kaynakça

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