Düşey ve Deprem Yükleri Altında Tünel Kalıp Sistemli Bir Binanın Farklı Temel-Zemin Modellerine Göre Analizi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 569 - 586

Ali Serdar Ecemiş , Yavuz Yenginar , İlyas Özkan

https://doi.org/10.46464/tdad.1493634

Öz

Bu çalışmada 8 katlı tünel kalıp taşıyıcı sisteme sahip bina sonlu elemanlar metodu ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapı-temel sistemi için üç farklı zemin profili (ZC, ZD, ZE), üç farklı yükleme koşulu (1.4G+1.6Q; G+Q+EX, G+Q+EY) ve iki farklı temel modellemesi (ankastre çözüm, Winkler metodu) dikkate alınmıştır. Analiz sonucuna deprem kuvvetleri, tasarım ivme değerleri, periyodlar, zemin gerilmeleri, temeldeki oturmalar, kat deplasmanları ve perde tasarım kuvvetlerindeki değişim karşılaştırılmıştır. ZC’den ZE zemin sınıfına doğru gidildikçe TA ve TB arasındaki fark büyüdüğü için, ZE sınıfı zemin üzerine yapılacak yapıların maksimum ivmeye maruz kalma ihtimali diğer zemin sınıflarına göre daha fazladır. Ayrıca, ZE zemin sınıfı üzerine inşa edilen yapının periyodu Winkler yönteminde %75 daha fazla bulunmuştur. Bu artış deprem kuvvetlerinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Yapıya etkiyen en büyük ivme sırasıyla ZE, ZD ve ZC zemin sınıfında olmuştur. Ankastre çözümde azaltılmış tasarım ivme değerleri Winkler yöntemine göre çözümden daha fazla olmuştur. Bu sebeple yapı-temel etkileşimini dikkate alan çözüm deprem kuvvetleri açısından daha ekonomik çözüm sunmakta fakat deplasmanlar daha fazla olmaktadır. Perde duvarların yalnız Eğik Çatlama Dayanımı (Vcr) bile deprem kuvvetinin üzerinde kalmaktadır. Bu durum tünel kalıp sistemlerin deprem etkisinde iyi performans göstermesini açıklamaktadır. ZC zemin sınıfında, düşey yükler altında oluşan gerilmeler ZE zemin sınıfına göre %25 daha fazladır. Deprem durumunda ise bu artış %50'ye kadar çıkmaktadır. Buna karşılık oturma değerleri artmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ankastre temel, Deprem, Perde duvar, Tünel kalıp, Winkler Yöntemi

Analysis of a Building with Tunnel Formwork System under Vertical and Earthquake Loads According to Different Foundation-Soil Models

Öz

In this study, an 8-storey building with tunnel formwork structural system is analyzed by finite element method. Three different soil profiles (ZC, ZD, ZE), three different loading conditions (1.4G+1.6Q; G+Q+EX, G+Q+EY) and two different foundation models (fixed-end solution, Winkler method) are considered for the building-foundation system. As a result of the analysis, earthquake forces, design acceleration values, periods, soil stresses, settlements in the foundation, story displacements and the change in shear design forces were compared. As the difference between TA and TB increases from ZC to ZE soil class, the structures to be built on ZE class soil are more likely to be exposed to maximum acceleration than other soil classes. Additionally, the period of the structure built on ZE soil class was found to be 75% higher using the Winkler method. This increase leads to a rise in earthquake forces. The largest acceleration acting on the structure was in ZE, ZD and ZC soil classes, respectively. The reduced design acceleration values in the fixed-end solution were higher than the solution according to the Winkler method. For this reason, the solution considering structure-foundation interaction provides a more economical solution in terms of earthquake forces, but the displacements are higher. The oblique cracking strength (Vcr) of shear walls alone exceeds the earthquake force. This explains the good performance of tunnel formwork systems under earthquake effects. In the ZC soil class, stresses under vertical loads are 25% higher compared to the ZE soil class. In the event of an earthquake, this increase can reach up to 50%. On the contrary, settlement values increase.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fixed-end foundation, Earthquake, Shear wall, Tunnel formwork system, Winkler Method

Kaynakça

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