Dolgan

Abstract

This paper describes the main characteristics of Dolgan illustrating them by a piece of natural speech recorded in 2008. Dolgan is the northernmost Turkic language, spoken by several thousand people on the Taimyr Peninsula and in adjacent areas. This paper shows that Dolgan, though being closely related to Sakha (Yakut), exhibits several unique traits, some being inherited and some being (contact-induced) innovations. The latter include, among others, the formal reanalysis of relational nouns, the frequent predicative use of the habitual, a comparably high share of (S)VO word order patterns, a large stratum of lexical code-copies from Evenki and the reorganisation of the system of kinship terms following the Evenki model.

Keywords

• Dolgan
• Sakha
• sociolinguistics
• language documentation
• contact-induced change
• natural language

Dolgan dili

Öz

Bu makale, Dolgancanın temel özelliklerini 2008 yılında kaydedilmiş olan doğal bir konuşma üzerinden betimlemektedir. Taymır yarımadasında ve komşu bölgelerde birkaç bin kişi tarafından konuşulan Dolganca, coğrafi olarak en kuzeydeki Türk dilidir. Makale, Dolgancanın, Sakaca (Yakutça) ile yakın akraba olmasına rağmen, bazıları kalıtsal, bazıları ise (başka dillerle temas kaynaklı) yenilikler olmak üzere benzersiz özellikler sergilediğini göstermektedir. Sözkonusu yenilikler arasında, ad tamlamalarının biçimsel olarak yeniden analiz edilmiş olması, süreklilik/alışılmışlık kategorisinin sıkça yüklemsel kullanılıyor olması, özne-fiil-nesne şeklindeki söz diziminin oransal olarak daha sıklıkla tercihi, Evenki dilinden kopyalanmış sözcüklerin dilde büyük bir katman oluşturmuş olması ve akrabalık terimi sisteminin Evenki dili modelinde yeniden düzenlenmiş olması sayılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Dolganca
• Sakaca
• toplumdilbilim
• dil belgelenmesi
• başka dillerle temas kaynaklı değişmeler
• doğal dil

Kaynakça

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