Günümüzde Rus Kuzeyinin Küçük Halkları ve Dil Durumları I: Samoyetler ve Samoyetçe 1 - Nenets Samoyetleri ve Nenets Samoyetçesi

Öz

Günümüzde Nenets Samoyetleri, Enets Samoyetleri, Nganasan Samoyetleri ve Selkup Samoyetlerinden oluşan Samoyet halkları içerisinde en kalabalık nüfusa sahip olan halk Nenets Samoyetleridir. Nenets Samoyetçesi ise, sadece Samoyet lehçeleri içerisinde değil, bütün Kuzey dilleri içerisinde Batı Gröndlandca ve  Kuzey Saam Fincesi ile birlikte en çok konuşura sahip lisanlardan biridir. Rus Kuzeyi’nin ise en çok konuşura sahip yerli dilidir. Üç ağzı bulanan Nenets Samoyetçesinin sınırlı da olsa eğitim amaçlı kullanılan bir yazılı dili ve edebiyatı mevcuttur. Nenets Samoyetçesinin ilk yazılı dili, 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Ortodoks misyonerler tarafından oluşturulmuşsa da bu yazılı dil uzun soluklu olmamaıştır. Günümüzde kullanılan yazılı dil ise tundra bölgesinde konuşulan Nenets Samoyetçesinin Bolşaya Zemlya ağızcığı temel alınarak 1931 yılında oluşturulmuştur. 20. yüzyılın başlarına kadar Nenets Samoyetçesi, Nenets Samoyetleri, Hant-Ostyak Ugorları, Mans-Vogul Ugorları ve Komi-Ziryan Finleri arasında ortak iletişim dili olarak kullanılmıştır. Ancak 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren bu işlev, tedricen Komi-Ziryan Fincesi tarafından ikame edilmişitr. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Samoyetler,Samoyetçe,Nenets Samoyetleri,Nenets Samoyetçesi,çok dillilik

Presenet Situation of the Small Peoples and Their Languages of the Russian North I: Samoyet Peoples and Samoyedic 1: Nenets and Nenets Samoyedic

Abstract

Contemporary Samoyeds are made up of Enets, Nganasans, Selkups and Nenets, and the most numerous of these peoples is the latter. Nenets is not only a language with the highest number of speakers among the Samoyedic languages but together with Western Greenlandic and Northern Saami one of that of all languages of the North. As for that of the languages of the Russian North, it is the indigenous language with the highest number of speakers. Nenets Samoyedic, which has three dialects, is used in education and for production of literary works even though parochially. The first written language of Nenets Samoyedic was formed by Orthodox missionaries at the end of 19^th century. However it did not last long. The written language used today was formed in 1931 based on the Bolshaya Zemlya dialect of the Tundra Nenets. Nenets Samoyedic had been used for inter-cultural communication up to the beginning of the 20^th century by Nenets, Khanties, Mansies and Komi-Ziryans but was gradually replaced by Komi-Ziryan then on.

Keywords

• Samoyeds,Samoyedic,Nenets,Nenets Samoyedic,multilingualism

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