Tehlikedeki Diller için İnternet Tabanlı Kaynaklar ve Olanaklar

Öz

E-öğrenme veya çevrimiçi öğrenme artık büyüyen bir eğilim haline geldi. Son yıllarda, sınıflar ve eğitim; multimedya, çevrimiçi platformlar ve çok çeşitli olanaklar sunan web sitelerinin kullanımı ve dijital tabanlı öğrenmeye yönelik birkaç yeni yöntemin geliştirilmesiyle giderek daha çeşitli hale geldi.

İnternetin bugün sunduğu olanaklar, diğer birçok dil destekli etkinlik için kullanılabilir: web siteleri, bloglar ve medya; sohbet forumları, tartışma grupları ve sosyal medya; haber bültenleri ve e-posta listeleri; çevrimiçi toplantılar, konferanslar ve etkinlikler; öğrenme ve öğretme; sözlük, arşiv, veritabanı ve wiki kullanma ve oluşturma; okuma, yazma ve yayınlama; dinleme ve izleme ve ayrıca ses ve video materyalleri oluşturma.

Bu makale, tehlike altındaki diller için yararlı olabilecek, halihazırda mevcut olan internet kaynaklarının ana türlerini ve çevrimiçi imkanları tanıtmaktadır. Yazar, teknik becerilerin herkes tarafından kazanılabileceğini ve ekip halinde çalışmanın daha istikrarlı sonuçlar doğuracağını savunmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• dil öğrenimi
• dilin korunması
• dil gelişimi
• tehlike altındaki diller
• dijitalleşme
• internet kaynakları

Internet-Based Resources and Opportunities for Minority and Endangered Languages

Öz

Online teaching and e-learning are growing trends today. In the past few decades both classrooms and learning in general have become increasingly varied through the use of multimedia, online platforms, apps and websites which offer a broad range of possibilities. The development of several new methods for digitally-based learning also contribute to changing education.

The opportunities the internet provides can be used also for many other kinds of language-supporting activities: websites, blogs and media; chat forums, discussion groups and social media; newsletters and e-mail lists; online meetings, conferences and events; learning and teaching, utilising and creating dictionaries, archives, databases and wikis; reading, writing and publishing; listening and watching as well as creating audio and video materials.

This article introduces different types of presently available internet resources and online possibilities which can be helpful for minority and endangered languages and support their maintenance, survival, transmission and revitalisation. Furthermore, the author argues that everyone can acquire at least some technical skills and adapt Information Communication Technology (ICT) tools to the needs of a community, and that working in a team with a long-term perspective and a good management plan for the project lead to more stable results.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• language learning
• language preservation
• language development
• endangered languages
• digitalisation
• Internet resources

Kaynakça

1. Azatlıq Radiosı: https://www.azatliq.org/
2. Bokpil websites: https://bokpil.eu, https://villa.bokpil.eu, https://edu.bokpil.eu
3. Bokpil Easy to Read videos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClR_FI9VsHay7DakUU-GalA
4. Bokpil Multilingual videos: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCEITcpkQ5NcFc0jJG0fQbDQ
5. Edition Tintenfaß: http://www.verlag-tintenfass.de/
6. Endangered Languages: http://www.endangeredlanguages.com/
7. European Union GDPR: https://gdpr-info.eu/
8. Europeana: https://www.europeana.eu/en/ https://classic.europeana.eu/portal/en?utm_source=new-website&utm_medium=button

9. Haiku Colorit: https://haiku.coloritrf.eu
10. Journal for Online Learning Research: https://www.aace.org/pubs/jolr/
11. Living Dictionaries: https://livingdictionaries.app/
12. Living Tongues: https://livingtongues.org/
13. Mercator: https://www.mercator-research.eu/en/knowledge-base/endangered-languages-andarchives/
14. SOAS Endangered Languages Archive: https://www.elararchive.org/
15. Cormack, Mike (2007). “The Media and Language Maintenance”. Cormack, M.J. & Hourigan, N. (eds), Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques and Case Studies. Cleveland / Buffalo / Toronto: Multilingual Matters Ltd. p. 52–68.
16. Cunliffe, Daniel (2007). “Minority Languages and the internet: New Threats, New Opportunities”. Cormack, M.J. & Hourigan, N. (eds), Minority Language Media: Concepts, Critiques and Case Studies. Cleveland / Buffalo / Toronto: Multilingual Matters Ltd. p. 133–150.
17. Hugo, Russell (2015). “Endangered languages, technology and learning: Immediate applications and long-term considerations.” Jones, M.C. (ed.), Endangered Languages and New Technologies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 95–112.
18. Rau, D. Victoria & Yang, Meng-Chien (2007): “E-learning in Endangered Language Documentation and Revitalization”. Rau, D.V. & Florey, M. (eds), Documenting and Revitalizing Austronesian Languages. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. p. 111–133.
19. Stahlberg, Sabira (2020): Multicoloured language. Helsingfors / Helsinki: Bokpil.