Günümüzde Rus Kuzeyinin Küçük Halkları ve Dil Durumları I: Samoyetler ve Samoyetçe 1 - Nenets Samoyetleri ve Nenets Samoyetçesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 16, 1 - 36, 26.01.2020

Gökçe Yükselen Peler

Öz

Günümüzde Nenets
Samoyetleri, Enets Samoyetleri, Nganasan Samoyetleri ve Selkup Samoyetlerinden
oluşan Samoyet halkları içerisinde en kalabalık nüfusa sahip olan halk Nenets
Samoyetleridir. Nenets Samoyetçesi ise, sadece Samoyet lehçeleri içerisinde
değil, bütün Kuzey dilleri içerisinde Batı Gröndlandca ve  Kuzey Saam Fincesi ile birlikte en çok
konuşura sahip lisanlardan biridir. Rus Kuzeyi’nin ise en çok konuşura sahip
yerli dilidir. Üç ağzı bulanan Nenets Samoyetçesinin sınırlı da olsa eğitim
amaçlı kullanılan bir yazılı dili ve edebiyatı mevcuttur. Nenets Samoyetçesinin
ilk yazılı dili, 19. yüzyılın sonlarında Ortodoks misyonerler tarafından
oluşturulmuşsa da bu yazılı dil uzun soluklu olmamaıştır. Günümüzde kullanılan
yazılı dil ise tundra bölgesinde konuşulan Nenets Samoyetçesinin Bolşaya Zemlya
ağızcığı temel alınarak 1931 yılında oluşturulmuştur. 20. yüzyılın başlarına
kadar Nenets Samoyetçesi, Nenets Samoyetleri, Hant-Ostyak Ugorları, Mans-Vogul
Ugorları ve Komi-Ziryan Finleri arasında ortak iletişim dili olarak
kullanılmıştır. Ancak 20. yüzyılın başlarından itibaren bu işlev, tedricen
Komi-Ziryan Fincesi tarafından ikame edilmişitr. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Samoyetler, Samoyetçe, Nenets Samoyetleri, Nenets Samoyetçesi, çok dillilik

Presenet Situation of the Small Peoples and Their Languages of the Russian North I: Samoyet Peoples and Samoyedic 1: Nenets and Nenets Samoyedic

Öz

Contemporary Samoyeds are made up of Enets, Nganasans,
Selkups and Nenets, and the most numerous of these peoples is the latter. Nenets
is not only a language with the highest number of speakers among the Samoyedic
languages but together with Western Greenlandic and Northern Saami one of that
of all languages of the North. As for that of the languages of the Russian
North, it is the indigenous language with the highest number of speakers.
Nenets Samoyedic, which has three dialects, is used in education and for
production of literary works even though parochially. The first written
language of Nenets Samoyedic was formed by Orthodox missionaries at the end of
19^th century. However it did not last long. The written language
used today was formed in 1931 based on the Bolshaya Zemlya dialect of the
Tundra Nenets. Nenets Samoyedic had been used for inter-cultural communication
up to the beginning of the 20^th century by Nenets, Khanties, Mansies
and Komi-Ziryans but was gradually replaced by Komi-Ziryan then on.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Samoyeds, Samoyedic, Nenets, Nenets Samoyedic, multilingualism

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