Estonian Tatar Families Navigating Between Four Languages

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 19, 288 - 308, 24.07.2021

Maria Iqbal

Öz

This article presents some aspects of the family language policy of Estonian Tatars, the parents’ strategies for maintaining the Tatar language and the variety and value of these micro-level language support efforts. In the interviewed families both parents and children see the maintenance of Tatar as beneficial and the children appreciate that they are raised multilingually. Some scholars claim that Russification of the so-called “third ethnicities” in Estonia still continues, but the results of the current research reveals that this is not the case. Still, Russian is present in many domains due to the fact that the Tatar parents often were schooled in this language and have a poor command of Estonian; now Estonian is preferred as an instruction language for the children. During the Soviet period between the 1940s and the end of the 1980s, the Tatar language carried also a religious meaning and Russian was referred to as the language of the non-believers. Today the main motive for young people to speak Tatar is to maintain the communication with their family and relatives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tatar language, sociolinguistics, multilingualism, Estonia, education, family language policy

Dört Dil Arasında Gezinen Estonya Tatar Aileleri

Öz

Bu makale, ebeveynlerin Tatar dilini sürdürme stratejilerine odaklanarak Estonya Tatarlarının
aile dili politikasına ışık tutmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu tür ailelerin mikro düzeyde yapılan girişimlerinin
çeşitliliğini ve değerini göstermek için Estonya'da bulunan birçok topluluktan birine genel bir bakış
sunmaktadır. Görüşmelerin yapıldığı ailelerde, ebeveynler ve çocuklar Tatar dilini sürdürmenin faydalı
olduğunu görmekte ve çocuklar çok dilli yetiştirilmelerini takdir etmektedirler. Estonya'da sözde
üçüncü etnik grupların Ruslaştırılmasının durmadığı iddia edilmişti. Mevcut araştırma sonucunda durumun bu şekilde olmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Ebeveynlerin Rusça eğitim almış olmalarından ve
Estoncayı iyi bilmemelerinden dolayı Rusça hâlâ birçok alanda mevcuttur. Ancak Estonca artık
çocukların eğitim dili olarak tercih edilmektedir. Sovyet döneminde Rusça inanmayanların dili olarak
anıldığından Tatarca din bir anlam da taşıyordu. Günümüzde gençlerin Tatarca konuşmaktaki ana
sebepleri aileleri ve akrabaları ile ilişkilerini muhafaza etmektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tatar dili, toplumdilbilim, çok dillilik, Estonya, eğitim, aile dili seçimi

Kaynakça

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