Verimlilik Olmadan Genişleme: Türkiye'nin Bingöl İlinde Arıcılık Verimliliğinin 16 Yıllık Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2009-2024 yılları arasında Bingöl’de arıcılık verimliliğindeki uzun dönemli eğilimleri ve destek mekanizmaları ile bal verimi arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, resmi ulusal ve bölgesel kaynaklardan elde edilen ikincil verilere dayalı retrospektif ekolojik zaman serisi tasarımında yürütülmüştür. Temel sonuç değişkeni olarak bal verimi (kg/kovan) hesaplanmış ve arıcılık göstergeleri ile ilişkisi korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Zaman içerisinde kovan sayısı, desteklenen arıcı sayısı, desteklenen kovan sayısı ve finansal destek miktarında önemli artışlar gözlenmesine rağmen, toplam bal üretiminde dalgalanmalar görülmüş ve kovan başına bal verimi tutarlı bir artış eğilimi göstermemiştir (ortalama: 11.12±2.54 kg/kovan). Pearson korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre bal verimi ile kovan sayısı (r=-0.597), desteklenen kovan sayısı (r=-0.597), desteklenen arıcı sayısı (r=-0.562) ve bal üretimi (r=-0.549) arasında anlamlı negatif ilişkiler saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Basit doğrusal regresyon analizleri bu değişkenlerin verimdeki azalış ile anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğunu doğrulamış, ancak destek miktarının istatistiksel olarak anlamlı olmadığı bulunmuştur (p=0.072). Genel olarak bulgular, arıcılık kapasitesindeki artışın verimlilikte iyileşme ile ilişkili olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlar, sürdürülebilir arıcılık sistemlerinin sağlanabilmesi için miktar odaklı destek stratejilerinden verimlilik odaklı yaklaşımlara geçilmesi gerektiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Arıcılık
• Bal verimi
• Kovan verimliliği
• Tarımsal destek
• Arıcılık verimliliği

Expansion Without Efficiency: A 16-Year Analysis of Beekeeping Productivity in Bingöl, Türkiye

Öz

This study aimed to examine long-term trends in beekeeping productivity and the relationship between support mechanisms and honey yield in Bingöl, Türkiye, between 2009 and 2024. A retrospective ecological time-series design was used based on secondary data obtained from official national and regional sources. Honey yield (kg/hive) was calculated as the primary outcome, and its associations with beekeeping indicators were analyzed using correlation and regression methods. Despite substantial increases in the number of beehives, supported beekeepers, supported hives, and financial support over time, honey production showed fluctuations and honey yield did not exhibit a consistent increasing trend (mean: 11.12±2.54 kg/hive). Pearson correlation analysis revealed significant negative associations between honey yield and number of beehives (r=-0.597), supported hives (r=-0.597), supported beekeepers (r=-0.562), and honey production (r=-0.549) (p<0.05). Simple linear regression analyses confirmed that these variables were significant predictors of decreased yield, whereas support amount was not statistically significant (p=0.072). Overall, the findings indicate that expansion in beekeeping capacity is not associated with improvements in productivity. These results highlight the need to shift from quantity-oriented support strategies toward efficiency-focused approaches to ensure sustainable apiculture systems.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Beekeeping
• Honey yield
• Hive productivity
• Agricultural support
• Apiculture efficiency

Etik Beyan

Ethical approval was not required as the study was based on aggregated secondary data and did not involve human participants.

Teşekkür

The authors would like to thank the Bingöl Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry for providing access to the data.

Kaynakça

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