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mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic

Yıl 2021, , 338 - 350, 31.12.2021

İdris Yazgan

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.994622

Öz

The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has been challenging the entire world since early 2020. Due to the fact that there is no universally available treatment method along with the disease’s fast transmission from human to human, specific vaccine development efforts have got a great attention. Particularly mRNA-based severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) specific vaccines are administrated to individuals worldwide to combat against Covid-19 infection. Even though two dose mRNA vaccination provides immunity against ancestral and aggressive variants of SARS-CoV2 infections, rare detrimental short-time side effects and no-data availability on long-term possible side-effects along with unpredictable vaccination regime bring hesitancy against the vaccines. Besides, the vaccination regime is still under debate among the scientist as that whether pre-infected individuals require further vaccination and what should be the ideal vaccination dose. In addition to mRNA SARS-CoV2 specific vaccines, recent retrospective, theoretical, clinical, and biochemical studies revealed that trained innate immunity and heterologous T-cells and memory B-cells can be strong alternative to combat against SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In this context, conventional childhood vaccines (e.g., BCG and MMR) are proposed as valuable alternative vaccines against the pandemic with known clinical outcomes and effectivity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines conventional vaccines immunity

Kaynakça

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Covid-19’a karşı mRNA SARS-CoV2 spesifik ve Çocukluk Dönemi Aşıları

Yıl 2021, , 338 - 350, 31.12.2021

İdris Yazgan

https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.994622

Öz

2019 yılı koronavirus hastalığı (Covid-19) pandemisi 2020 yılından beri dünya çapında bir sorun haline gelmiştir. Evrensel olarak kabul edilmiş bir tedavisinin olmayışı ve insandan-insana geçişinin hızlı olması nedeniyle spesifik aşı geliştirme çalışmaları önem kazanmıştır. mRNA-temelli ağır akut solunum yolu yetersizliği sendromu korovirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) aşıları dünya çapında Covid-19’un kontrol altına alınmasına yönelik olarak en yaygın olarak kullanılan aşılardır. Herne kadar iki doz mRNA aşılarının hem atasal hemde mutasyona uğramış agresif SARS-CoV2 viral enfeksiyonlarına karşı yüksek bağışıklık sağlıyor olmalarına karşın, nadir olarak görülen kısa dönem yan etkileri ve uzun dönemli olası yan etkileri hakkında bilgilerin mevcut olmaması nedeniyle aşılara karşı bir tereddüt mevcuttur. Buna ek olarak, aşılama rejimin nasıl olması gerektiği bilimadaları arasında hala tartışma konusudur, örneğin enfeksiyon geçirmiş olan bireyler tekrar aşı olmalı mı ve kaç doz aşı olunması gerekir. mRNA temelli SARS-CoV2 aşılarına alternatif olarak, yeni yapılan retrospektif, teorik, klinik ve biyokimyasal çalışmalar, eğitilmiş doğal bağışıklığın ve heterelog T-hücrelerinin ve hafıza B hücrelerinin SARS-CoV2 pandemisine karşı savaşta önemli bir alternatif olabileceği önerilmiştir. Bu kapsamda, klasik çocukluk dönemi aşılarının (örneğin BCG ve MMR) pandemiye karşı bilinen klinik souçları ve etkinliği nedeniyle önemli alternatif aşılar oldukları görülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-CoV2 mRNA vaccines conventional vaccines immunity

Kaynakça

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  • [88] Haddad-Boubaker S, Othman H, Touati R, Ayouni K, Lakhal M, Ben Mustapha I, et al. In silico comparative study of SARS-CoV-2 proteins and antigenic proteins in BCG, OPV, MMR and other vaccines: evidence of a possible putative protective effect. BMC Bioinformatics 2021;22:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-021-04045-3.
  • [89] Hassani D, Amiri MM, Maghsood F, Salimi V, Kardar GA, Barati O, et al. Does prior immunization with measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines contribute to the antibody response to COVID-19 antigens? Iran J Immunol 2021;18:47–67. https://doi.org/10.22034/iji.2021.87990.1843.
  • [90] Lundberg L, Bygdell M, Stukat von Feilitzen G, Woxenius S, Ohlsson C, Kindblom JM, et al. Recent MMR vaccination in health care workers and Covid-19: A test negative case-control study. Vaccine 2021;39:4414–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.045.
  • [91] Gold JE, Baumgarti WH, Okyay RA, Licht WE, Fidel PLJ, Noverr MC, et al. Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients. MB 2020;11:e02628-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/mBio.02628-20.
  • [92] Yengil E, Onlen Y, Ozer C, Hambolat M, Ozdogan M. Effectiveness of booster measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in lower covid-19 infection rates: A retrospective cohort study in turkish adults. Int J Gen Med 2021;14:1757–62. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S309022.
  • [93] Mysore V, Cullere X, Settles ML, Ji X, Kattan MW, Desjardins M, et al. Protective heterologous T cell immunity in COVID-19 induced by the trivalent Measles-Mumps-Rubella and Tetanus-Diptheria-Pertussis vaccine antigens. Med 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medj.2021.08.004.
  • [94] Onwude J, Sokunbi D. Worldwide Childhood Mortality from Covid-19. Ann Pediatr 2021;4:1069.
  • [95] Ashford JW, Gold JE, Huenergardt MJA, Katz RBA, Strand SE, Bolanos J, et al. MMR Vaccination: A Potential Strategy to Reduce Severity and Mortality of COVID-19 Illness. Am J Med 2021;134:153–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2020.10.003.
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  • [97] Aspatwar A, Gong W, Wang S, Wu X, Parkkila S. Tuberculosis vaccine BCG: the magical effect of the old vaccine in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. Int Rev Immunol 2021;0:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2021.1922685.
  • [98] Tomita Y, Sato R, Ikeda T, Sakagami T. BCG vaccine may generate cross-reactive T cells against SARS-CoV-2: In silico analyses and a hypothesis. Vaccine 2020;38:6352–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.08.045.
  • [99] Nuovo G, Tili E, Suster D, Matys E, Hupp L, Magro C. Strong homology between SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein and a Mycobacterium sp. antigen allows rapid diagnosis of Mycobacterial infections and may provide specific anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity via the BCG vaccine. Ann Diagn Pathol 2020;48:151600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151600.
  • [100] Gong W, Aspatwar A, Wang S, Parkkila S, Wu X. COVID-19 pandemic: SARS-CoV-2 specific vaccines and challenges, protection via BCG trained immunity, and clinical trials. Expert Rev Vaccines 2021;20:857–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1938550.
  • [101] Eggenhuizen PJ, Ng BH, Chang J, Fell AL, Cheong RMY, Wong WY, et al. BCG Vaccine Derived Peptides Induce SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Cross-Reactivity. Front Immunol 2021;12:692729. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.692729.
  • [102] Arlehamn CSL, Sette A, Peters B. Lack of evidence for BCG vaccine protection from severe COVID-19. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020;117:25203–4. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2016733117.
  • [103] Patella V, Delfino G, Bruzzese D, Giuliano A, Sanduzzi A. The bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination allows the innate immune system to provide protection from severe COVID-19 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020;117:25205–6. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2015234117.
  • [104] Nomura S, Eguchi A, Yoneoka D, Kawashima T, Tanoue Y, Murakami M, et al. Reasons for being unsure or unwilling regarding intention to take COVID-19 vaccine among Japanese people: A large cross-sectional national survey. Lancet Reg Heal - West Pacific 2021;14:100223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100223.
  • [105] Sarfraz Z, Sarfraz A, Pandav K, Singh Makkar S, Hasan Siddiqui S, Patel G, et al. Variances in BCG protection against COVID-19 mortality: A global assessment. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis 2021;24:100249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jctube.2021.100249.
Toplam 105 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

İdris Yazgan 0000-0002-0264-1253

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021

Kaynak Göster

APA Yazgan, İ. (2021). mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, 10(2), 338-350. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.994622
AMA Yazgan İ. mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic. TDFD. Aralık 2021;10(2):338-350. doi:10.46810/tdfd.994622
Chicago Yazgan, İdris. “MRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines Against Covid-19 Pandemic”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Aralık 2021): 338-50. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.994622.
EndNote Yazgan İ (01 Aralık 2021) mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 10 2 338–350.
IEEE İ. Yazgan, “mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic”, TDFD, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 338–350, 2021, doi: 10.46810/tdfd.994622.
ISNAD Yazgan, İdris. “MRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines Against Covid-19 Pandemic”. Türk Doğa ve Fen Dergisi 10/2 (Aralık 2021), 338-350. https://doi.org/10.46810/tdfd.994622.
JAMA Yazgan İ. mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic. TDFD. 2021;10:338–350.
MLA Yazgan, İdris. “MRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines Against Covid-19 Pandemic”. Türk Doğa Ve Fen Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 338-50, doi:10.46810/tdfd.994622.
Vancouver Yazgan İ. mRNA SARS-CoV2 Specific and Childhood Vaccines against Covid-19 Pandemic. TDFD. 2021;10(2):338-50.

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