Determination of the Effect of Harpin Protein on NaCl Salt Stress in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Seeds

Abstract

Drought and salinity are among the most important abiotic stress factors. Although there is a growing interest to the sustainability of fruit growing in arid and salty areas, there are not enough studies. Therefore, this study was carried out for the determination of the effects of harpin protein at different salt concentrations in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) seeds. At the end of the treatment, there was a 20% decrease in plant height, 43% in root length, and approximately 40% in fresh and dry plant weight. Superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase antioxidant enzyme activities increased by 171%, 285% and 390%, respectively. In addition, the amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and chlorophyll a+b (respetctively, 47%, 42%, 43%) was decrease. In addition, it was determined that harpin applications protected the chlorophyll content related to photosynthesis, increased the diameter of the stem and root and decreased the stress enzyme activities. Thus, applications of harpin protein may be beneficial to increase tolerance to drought/salinity stresses in pistachio plants, especially in the early stages of seedling development. These findings may pave the way for future research on stress management in sustainable fruit growing in arid and semi-arid areas.

Keywords

• Pistacia vera
• Seedlings
• Hapin protein
• Salt stress
• Antioxidant enzyme activity
• Morphological development

Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) Çöğürlerinde Harpin Proteininin NaCl Tuz Stresi Üzerine Etkisinin Belirlenmesi

Öz

Tarımsal üretimi ve verimliliği sınırlandıran en önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerin başında kuraklık ve tuzluluk gelmektedir. Kurak ve tuzlu alanlarda meyve yetiştiriciliğinin sürdürülebilirliği konusuna ilgi bulunmakla birlikte yeterli çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma, 2021 yılında, Antepfıstığı (Pistacia vera L.) çöğürlerinde harpin proteinin farklı tuz konsantrasyonlarındaki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Uygulama sonunda tuz konsantrasyonun artmasıyla birlikte bitki boyunda %20, kök uzunluğunda %43, yaş ve kuru bitki ağırlığında yaklaşık olarak %40 oranında azalma meydana gelmiştir. Süperoksit dismutaz, katalaz ve askorbat peroksidaz antioksidan enzim aktiviteleri ise sırasıyla, %171, % 285 ve % 390 oranında artmıştır. Ayrıca klorofil a miktarı %47, klorofil b miktarı %42 ve klorofil a+b miktarı %43 oranında azalmıştır. Bununla birlikte harpin uygulamalarının fotosentezle ilişkili olan klorofil içeriğini koruduğu, gövde ve kök çapını artırdığı ve stres enzim aktivitelerini düşürdüğü saptanmıştır. Böylelikle antepfıstığı bitkilerinde özellikle çöğür gelişiminin hassas olduğu ilk zamanlarında kuraklık/tuzluluk streslerine toleransı arttırmak için harpin proteinin uygulamalarının yararlı olabilir. Bu bulgular, kurak ve yarı kurak alanlarda sürdürülebilir meyve yetiştiriciliğinde stres yönetimi konusunda gelecekteki araştırmaların önünü açabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pistacia vera
• çöğür
• Hapin proteini
• tuz stresi
• antioksidan enzim aktivitesi
• morfolojik gelişme

Kaynakça

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