Karyological variation of Clethrionomys glareolus (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Türkiye

Abstract

Conventionally stained, C- banded and AgNOR stained karyotypes of Clethrionomys glareolus was studied from Samsun, Türkiye. Diploid chromosome number of a female C. glareolus specimen was found as 2n = 56, NFa = 56, and NF = 58. The karyotype consisted of a pair of small metacentric and 26 pairs of acrocentric chromosomes in different size. The X chromosomes were large acrocentrics. Similar to the result of past karyotype study on C. glareolus, the C-positive and C-negative heterochromatin blocks observed in the karyotype. As a difference from the results of a previous study, NORs were localized on the six acrocentric chromosome pairs instead seven pairs. Thus, a chromosomal variation among C. glareolus populations was determined due to variability in the number of NOR bearing autosomes. In this way, it was contributed to the determination of intraspecific variations of this species and to Türkiye's biodiversity at the level of genetic diversity.

Keywords

• Chromosome
• Variation
• C-banding
• AgNOR staining
• Clethrionomys glareolus
• Türkiye

Kaynakça

1. Shenbrot GI, Krasnov BR. Atlas of the Geographic Distribution of the Arvicoline Rodents of the World (Rodentia, Muridae: Arvicolinae). Sofia: Pensoft; 2005.
2. Kryštufek B, Vohralik V. Mammals of Turkey and Cyprus. Rodentia I: Sciuridae, Dipodidae, Gliridae, Arvicolinae. Založba Annales: Koper; 2005.
3. Wilson DE, Reeder DM. Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press: Baltimore; 2005.
4. Çolak E, Yiğit N, Özkurt Ş, Sözen M. Karyotype of Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780) (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Turkey. Turk J Zool. 1997;21(2):123-125.
5. Král B. Chromosome characteristics of Muridae and Microtidae from Czechoslovakia. Acta Sc Nat Brno. 1972;6(12):1–78.
6. Živković S, Petrov B, Soldatović B, Savić I. Two morphologically different Y chromosomes in the bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus Schreb.) from Serbia (Yugoslavia). Acta Vet. 1975;25: 241–246.
7. Vorontsov NN, Lyapunova EA, Ivanitskaya EY, Nadler CF, Kral B, Kozlovsky AI, et al. Variability of sex-chromosomes in mammals. 1. Geographical variability of morphology of y-chromosome in voles of genera Clethrionomys (Rodentia, Microtinae). Genetika 1978;14(8): 1432-1446.
8. Vujošević M, Blagojević J. Y chromosome polymorphism in the bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus (Rodentia, Mammalia). Zeitschrift Fur Saugetierkunde-International Journal of Mammalian Biology. 1997;62:53–57.

9. Král B, Zima J, Herzig-Straschil B, Štěrba O. Karyotypes of certain small mammals from Austria. Folia Zool. 1979;28(1): 5–11.
10. Gamperl R. Chromosomal evolution in the genus Clethrionomys. Genetica. 1982;57:193–197.
11. Zima J, Král B. Karyotypes of European Mammals I. Inst Lands Ecol. 1984;18 (7): 1–51.
12. Mitsainas GP, Rovatsos MT, Karamariti I, Giagia-Athanasopoulou E. Chromosomal studies on Greek populations of four small rodent species. Folia Zool. 2008;57:337–346.
13. Arslan A, Zima J, Yorulmaz T, Gözütok S, Toyran K. Chromosome banding pattern in fat dormouse and bank vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey. Folia Biol. 2013;61(1-2):47-51.
14. Arslan A, Zima, J. Karyotypes of the mammals of Turkey and neighbouring regions: a review, Folia Zool. 2014;63(1):1–62, 2014.
15. Çolak R, Karacan, GO, Kandemir I, Çolak E, Kankılıç T, Yiğit N, et al. Genetic variations of Turkish bank vole, Myodes glareolus (Mammalia: Rodentia) inferred from mtDNA, Mitochondrial DNA Part A. 2016;27(6):4372-4379.
16. Zima J. Chromosomal evolution in small mammals (Insectivora, Chiroptera, Rodentia). Hystrix. 2000;11(2):5-15.
17. Dobigny G, Ducroz JF, Robinson TJ, Volobouev V. Cytogenetics and cladistics. Syst Biol. 2004;53(3): 473-48.
18. Gündüz İ, Jaarola M, Tez C, Yeniyurt C, Polly PD, Searle JB. Multigenic and morphometric differentiation of ground squirrels (Spermophilus, Scuiridae, Rodentia) in Turkey, with a description of a new species. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2007;43:916-935.
19. Ford CE, Hamerton JL. A colchicine, hypotonic citrate, squash sequence for mammalian chromosomes. Stain Tech. 1956;31:247-251.
20. Summer AT. A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Expl Cell Res. 1972;75:304-306.
21. Howell WM, Black DA. Controlled silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: a 1-step method. Experientia. 1980;36:1014-1015.
22. Levan A, Fredga K, Sandberg AA. Nomenclature for centromeric position on chromosomes. Hereditas. 1964;52:201–220.
23. Gamperl R, Ehmann C, Bachmann K. Genome size and heterochromatin variation in rodents. Genetica 1982;58(3):199-212.
24. Sánchez A, Burgos M, Jiménez R, de La Guardia RD. Quantitative analysis of silver staining of the nucleolar organizing region in Eliomys quercinus. Genome 1989;32(6):978-982.
25. Suzuki H, Kurihara Y, Kanehisa T, Moriwaki K. Variation in the distribution of silver-staining nucleolar organizer regions on the chromosomes of the wild mouse, Mus musculus. Mol Biol Evol. 1990;7(3):271-282.
26. Zurita F, Sánchez A, Burgos M, Jiménez R, de la Guardia RD. Interchromosomal, intercellular and interindividual variability of NORs studied with silver staining and in situ hybridization. Heredity. 1997;78(3): 229-234.
27. Obara Y, Ohta M, Sasaki A. Patterns of distribution of Ag-NORs in the genus Apodemus and their evolutionary implications. Chromosome Sci. 2007;10(1):7-14.
28. Davidian-Britton J, Cazaux B, Catalan J. Chromosomal dynamics of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in the house mouse: micro-evolutionary insights. Heredity. 2012;108:68-74.
29. Suzuki T, Obara Y, Tsuchiya K, Oshida T, Iwasa MA. Ag-NORs analysis in three species of red-backed voles, with a consideration of generic allocation of Anderson's red-backed vole. Mammal Study 2014;39(2):91-97.
30. Belcheva RG, Topashka-Ancheva MN, Peshev DC, Gerassimov S. Karyological studies of some species of rodents in Bulgaria. Savremenni postizheniya na balgarskata zoologiya, Sofia, 1987;376-379.