Bioactive Potential of Six Edible Mushrooms: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Properties

Abstract

In the present study, antimicrobial, antibacterial, and cytotoxic effects of methanol and acetone extracts obtained from the edible mushroom species of Boletus edulis, Chanterellus cibarius, Craterellus cornucopioides, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Morchella esculenta were determined in vitro. The B. edulis methanol extract showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) scavenging effect at 1mg mL-1 concentration with 34.68 ± 1.56 %. It was determined that the total phenolic content of the extracts varied between 27.22 ± 2.29 - 16.67 ± 0.88 µg GAE mg-1 extract. The findings suggest that the extracts have varying antimicrobial effects on pathogenic bacteria. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) cell viability test was performed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of the extracts. Cytotoxicity studies demonstrated that C. cibarius selectively decreased cancer cell viability, while C. cornucopioides, P. ostreatus, and A. bisporus exhibited proliferative effects on cancer cells.

Keywords

• Edible mushrooms
• antioxidant
• antimicrobial
• cytotoxicity
• extract

Altı Yenilebilir Mantarın Biyoaktif Potansiyeli: Antimikrobiyal, Antioksidan ve Sitotoksik Özellikler

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yenilebilir mantar türleri olan Boletus edulis, Chanterellus cibarius, Craterellus cornucopioides, Agaricus bisporus, Pleurotus ostreatus ve Morchella esculenta'dan elde edilen metanol ve aseton ekstraktlarının antimikrobiyal, antibakteriyel ve sitotoksik etkileri in vitro olarak belirlenmiştir. B. edulis metanol ekstraktı, 1 mg mL-1 konsantrasyonda %34.68 ± 1.56 ile en yüksek 1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazi (DPPH) süpürücü etkisini göstermiştir. Ekstraktların toplam fenolik içeriğinin 27.22 ± 2.29 - 16.67 ± 0.88 µg GAE mg-1 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Bulgular, ekstraktların patojenik bakteriler üzerinde farklı antimikrobiyal etkilere sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ekstraktların sitotoksik etkilerini araştırmak için 3-(4,5-Dimetiltiazol-2-il)-2,5-Difeniltetrazolium Bromür (MTT) hücre canlılığı testi yapılmıştır. Sitotoksisite çalışmaları, C. cibarius'un seçici olarak kanser hücresi canlılığını azalttığını, C. cornucopioides, P. ostreatus ve A. bisporus'un ise kanser hücreleri üzerinde proliferatif etkiler sergilediğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yenilebilir mantarlar
• antioksidan
• antimikrobiyal
• sitotoksisite
• ekstrakt

Kaynakça

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