Ortaöğrenim Öğrencilerinde Akran Zorbalığı İçin Dini Başa Çıkma Destekli Bir Program Önerisi

Öz

Bu makale, ortaöğrenim öğrencileri arasında giderek yaygınlaşan akran zorbalığı sorununa karşı, dini başa çıkma stratejilerini temel alan bir müdahale programı geliştirmeyi hedeflemektedir. 2022–2023 eğitim-öğretim yılında Erzurum’da gerçekleştirilen çalışma, karma yöntem teknikleriyle yapılmıştır. Nicel aşamada, 281 lise öğrencisine “Narsisistik Kişilik Envanteri” ve “Akran Zorbalığı Ölçeği” uygulanarak, öğrencilerin narsisizm düzeyleri ile zorbalık davranışları arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel boyutta ise 8 öğrenciyle gerçekleştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerle zorbalık deneyimlerine dair daha derinlemesine veriler elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın temel bulgularına göre, narsisistik eğilimleri yüksek olan öğrencilerin akran zorbalığı davranışlarında daha aktif roller üstlendikleri ve hem zorba hem de kurban pozisyonlarında bulunabildikleri görülmüştür. Aynı zamanda, dindarlık düzeyinin artmasıyla birlikte zorbalık eğilimlerinin azaldığı ve dini değerlere bağlı öğrencilerin zorbalığa karşı daha dirençli oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Bu öğrenciler, zorbalıkla başa çıkarken dua etme, dini rehberlik alma, manevi destek arama gibi yöntemlere başvurmaktadır. Bu dini başa çıkma stratejileri, öğrencilerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarını artırmakta ve stresle baş etme kapasitelerini güçlendirmektedir. Zorbalığa maruz kalan öğrencilerde düşük öz-saygı, içe kapanıklık ve sosyal destek eksikliği gözlenirken, zorba öğrencilerde güç gösterme isteği, empati eksikliği ve duygusal duyarsızlık öne çıkmaktadır. Geliştirilen dini başa çıkma temelli müdahale programı, öğrencilerin akran zorbalığıyla baş etme becerilerini artırmayı hedefleyen psiko-eğitimsel bir yaklaşımdır. Program, dua, tevekkül ve manevi destek gibi dini unsurları; empati, öfke kontrolü, öz-saygı güçlendirme ve problem çözme gibi psikolojik becerilerle bütünleştirmektedir. Grup çalışmaları, senaryo analizi ve rol yapma gibi etkinliklerle desteklenen içerik, öğrencilerin hem duygusal farkındalıklarını hem de sosyal becerilerini geliştirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Kültürel değerlere duyarlı olan bu model, ruhsal dayanıklılığı artıran, uygulanabilir ve bütüncül bir müdahale aracı sunmaktadır. Geliştirilen dini başa çıkma destekli müdahale programı, henüz uygulamaya konmamış olsa da teorik temeller ve elde edilen bulgular, bu programın potansiyel yararlılığına güçlü bir zemin hazırlamaktadır. Bu program, yalnızca bireysel değil, okul temelli rehberlik hizmetlerinde de uygulanabilir bir model sunmakta; psikolojik sağlamlığı esas alan ve kültürel değerlere dayanan özgün bir müdahale örneği olarak din psikolojisi alanına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din psikolojisi
• Akran zorbalığı
• Narsisizm
• Dindarlık
• Ortaöğrenim öğrencileri
• Dini başa çıkma

A Program Proposal Based on Religious Coping for Peer Bullying Among Secondary School Students

Öz

This article proposes an intervention program grounded in religious coping strategies to address the growing issue of peer bullying among secondary school students. Conducted during the 2022–2023 academic year in Erzurum, the research employed a mixed-methods design. In the quantitative phase, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Peer Bullying Scale were administered to 281 high school students to examine the relationship between narcissistic traits and bullying behaviors. The qualitative phase involved semi-structured interviews with eight students to gain in-depth insights into their experiences with bullying. Findings indicate that students with higher levels of narcissistic tendencies are more likely to engage in bullying behaviors and may alternate between the roles of bully and victim. Moreover, a higher level of religiosity was associated with reduced bullying tendencies; students with strong religious values demonstrated greater resilience, often employing religious coping mechanisms such as prayer, religious counseling, and seeking support from religious communities. These strategies were found to enhance psychological resilience and improve students’ capacity to manage stress. Victims commonly exhibited low selfesteem, social withdrawal, and limited social support, whereas bullies were characterized by a desire for dominance, lack of empathy, and emotional detachment. The developed religious coping-based intervention program constitutes a psychoeducational approach aimed at enhancing students' competencies in dealing with peer bullying. Integrating religious elements such as prayer, trust in God (tewakkul), and spiritual support with psychological skills including empathy, anger management, self-esteem enhancement, and problem-solving, the program offers a holistic and culturally sensitive framework. Through group activities, scenario analyses, and role-playing exercises, the content is designed to foster both emotional awareness and social competence among students. This model, grounded in cultural values, provides a viable and comprehensive intervention tool that strengthens spiritual resilience. Although the program has not yet been implemented in practice, its theoretical foundations and preliminary findings offer robust support for its potential efficacy. Beyond individual application, this intervention model is also adaptable to school-based guidance services, contributing a culturally grounded and psychologically robust example of intervention to the field of the psychology of religion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychology of religion
• Peer bullying
• Narcissism
• Religiosity
• Secondary school students
• Religious coping

Kaynakça

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