Ahlaki Cesaret ile Manevi İyi Oluş Arasındaki İlişki: Üniversite Öğrencileri Üzerine Nicel Bir Araştırma

Öz

Ahlaki cesaret, bireyin sosyal baskı, dışsal tehdit ya da kişisel risk karşısında etik ilkelere bağlı kalarak doğru olduğuna inandığı davranışı sergileyebilme kapasitesini ifade etmektedir. Din psikolojisi açısından bu kapasite, dini inançlar ve manevi değer yönelimleriyle uyumlu etik muhakeme geliştirme, değerleri yalnızca içselleştirmekle kalmayıp zorlayıcı koşullarda eyleme dönüştürme yeterliğiyle ilişkilidir. Manevi iyi oluş ise bireyin kendisiyle, başkalarıyla, doğayla ve aşkın olanla kurduğu anlam, bütünlük ve yönelim ilişkisini içeren çok boyutlu bir yapı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makalede, üniversite öğrencilerinde manevi iyi oluş ile ahlaki cesaret arasındaki ilişkisel örüntüler incelenmiştir. Nicel ilişkisel tarama deseninde yürütülen çalışmanın örneklemini, Kastamonu Üniversitesi eğitim, ilahiyat, insan ve toplum bilimleri, iletişim ve mühendislik fakültelerinde öğrenim gören 339 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veriler Ahlaki Cesaret Ölçeği ve Spiritüel İyi Oluş Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmış; analiz sürecinde betimsel istatistikler, çok değişkenli varyans analizleri ve Pearson korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular, ahlaki cesaretin manevi iyi oluşun aşkınlık ve doğayla uyum alt boyutlarıyla düşük düzeyde pozitif; anomi alt boyutuyla düşük düzeyde negatif ilişkili olduğunu göstermiştir. Ahlaki çekingenliğin manevi iyi oluş alt boyutlarıyla anlamlı ilişki göstermediği saptanmıştır. Cinsiyet ve öznel dindarlık algısına göre ahlaki cesaret alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmamış; buna karşılık ahlaki çekingenlik boyutunda fakülteler arasında anlamlı farklılık belirlenmiştir. Manevi iyi oluş açısından kadın öğrencilerin aşkınlık ve doğayla uyum puanlarının erkek öğrencilerden daha yüksek olduğu, anomi boyutunda ise cinsiyete bağlı anlamlı farklılık bulunmadığı görülmüştür. İlahiyat fakültesi öğrencilerinin aşkınlık puanları diğer fakültelere kıyasla anlamlı biçimde daha yüksek bulunmuş; öznel dindarlık düzeyi arttıkça aşkınlık ve doğayla uyum puanlarının da yükseldiği belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak ampirik bulgular, manevi iyi oluşun ahlaki risk içeren durumlarda cesaret gösterme eğilimiyle ilişkili olduğunu; ancak bu ilişkinin düşük düzeyli korelasyonlarla sınırlı kaldığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle manevi iyi oluş ile ahlaki cesaret arasındaki bağın din psikolojisi bağlamında nedensel, gelişimsel, kültürel ve kurumsal boyutlarıyla, özellikle etik eğitim süreçleri açısından daha derinlikli incelenmesi; farklı örneklemlerde yeniden test edilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Din psikolojisi
• Ahlaki cesaret
• Manevi iyi oluş
• Dini değerler
• Etik karar verme

Proje Numarası

1919B012332265

The Relationship Between Moral Courage and Spiritual Well-Being: A Quantitative Study Among University Students

Öz

Moral courage refers to an individual’s capacity to act in accordance with what has been believed to be right while remaining committed to ethical principles despite social pressure, external threat, or personal risk. From the perspective of the psychology of religion, this capacity is associated with the ability to develop ethical judgment that is congruent with religious beliefs and spiritual value orientations, and to transform internalized values into action under demanding conditions. Spiritual well-being is conceptualized as a multidimensional structure that includes the individual’s relations of meaning, integrity, and orientation with the self, others, nature, and the transcendent. This article examined the relational patterns between spiritual well-being and moral courage among university students. Designed as a quantitative correlational survey, the research was conducted with 339 students enrolled in the Faculties of Education, Theology, Humanities and Social Sciences, Communication, and Engineering at Kastamonu University. Data were collected using the Moral Courage Scale and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale; descriptive statistics, multivariate analyses of variance, and Pearson correlation analysis were employed. The findings showed that moral courage was positively associated at a low level with the transcendence and harmony with nature subdimensions of spiritual well-being, and negatively associated at a low level with the anomie subdimension. Moral timidity was not significantly related to the subdimensions of spiritual well-being. No significant differences were found in the moral courage subdimensions according to gender or subjective religiosity perception; however, significant faculty-based differences were identified in moral timidity. In terms of spiritual well-being, female students had higher scores than male students on transcendence and harmony with nature, whereas no significant gender-based difference was observed in anomie. Theology students had significantly higher transcendence scores than students from other faculties, and higher levels of subjective religiosity were accompanied by higher scores on transcendence and harmony with nature. Overall, the findings indicate that spiritual well-being is related to the tendency to display courage in morally risky situations; nevertheless, this relationship remains limited to low-level correlations. Therefore, the link between spiritual well-being and moral courage should be examined more deeply within the psychology of religion, especially through causal, developmental, cultural, and institutional dimensions, and should be retested in different samples with particular attention to ethical education processes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychology of religion
• Moral courage
• Spiritual well-being
• Religious values
• Ethical decision-making

Proje Numarası

1919B012332265

Kaynakça

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