Review of Cassava Production in Nigeria: Trends and Decomposition Analysis Approach

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2, 102 - 114, 15.12.2020

Edamisan Stephen Ikuemonısan Taiwo Ejiola Mafımısebı Igbekele Ajıbefun Kemisola Adenegan

Öz

This study analyzed the growth rate, the instability in the growth trend, and examined the contributions of yield and area to cassava production output in Nigeria. Using time-series of the selected variables which spanned through 1961-2018, the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) was estimated for the harvested area, production, and yield of cassava. The study adopted Coppock’s instability index (CPII) to measure instability in cassava production. Between the period, TE1963-2018, cassava yield oscillated between 9.1 tonnes/ha (TE2018) and 11.9 tonnes/ha (TE2010) while the output fluctuated between 7.8 million tonnes (TE1963) and 59.5 million tonnes (TE2018). In this same period, the CAGR for yield (0.1%), area (9.7%) and production (9.9%) were positive and statistically significant at 1% except for yield. The decomposition analysis for the period revealed that the increase in output was largely due to an increase in area harvested during the period (110.4%). In view of these and other findings, the study recommends intensive planting of improved cassava varieties under well mapped out sustainable strategies to optimize production.

Anahtar Kelimeler

cassava production, trends, exponential growth rate, instability, decomposition analysis

Kaynakça

• Adeniji, A.A., Ega, L.A., Akoroda, M.O., Adeniyi, A.A., Ugwu, B.O., De Balogun, A., 2005. Cassava development in Nigeria. Department of Agriculture Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources Nigeria. http://www.fao.org/3/a0154e/A0154E05.htm. Accessed: 12.08.2020
• Ahmed, S.I., Joshi, M.B., 2013. Analysis of instability and growth rate of cotton in three district of Marathwada. International Journal of Statistika and Mathematika, 6(3): 121-124.
• Ajani, E.N., E.M. Igbokwe., 2014. A review of agricultural transformation agenda in Nigeria: The case of public and private sector participation. Research Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Management, 3(5): 238-245.
• Ajibefun, Igbekele Amos., 2015. Nigeria’s agricultural policy, productivity and poverty: The critical nexus. (Unpublished Inaugural Lecture Series 69, The Federal University of Technology, Akure. pp1-6
• Akoroda, M.O., Gebremeshel, I., Oyinlola, A.E., 1985. Impart of IITA cassava varieties in Oyo State of Nigeria. IITA, Ibadan, Nigeria. p. 105.
• Alhassan, Y.J., Umar, S.A., G. Ayuba., 2019. Impact of agricultural transformation agenda support programme phase-1 in promoting agricultural extension service delivery in Kebbi and Sokoto States, Nigeria. World, 7(3): 94-102.
• Anikwe, M.A., Ikenganyia, E.E., 2018. Ecophysiology and production principles of cassava (Manihot species) in Southeastern Nigeria. Cassava. Intechopen, 105. DOI: 10. 5772/interchopen.70828
• Bentley, J.W., Olanrewaju, A.S., Madu, T., Olaosebikan, O., Abdoulaye, T., Assfaw Wossen, T., Girma Tessema, G., 2017. Cassava farmers' preferences for varieties and seed dissemination system in Nigeria: gender and regional perspectives. https://www.iita.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/Cassava_farmers_preferences_monograph.pdf
• Boyal, V.K., Pant, D.C., Mehra, J., 2015. Growth, instability and acreage response function in production of cumin in Rajasthan, The Bioscan, 10(1): 359-362.
• Cock, J.H., 1982. Cassava: A basic energy source in the tropics. Science, 218(4574): 755-762.
• Cock, J.H., 2019. Cassava: New potential for a neglected crop. Milton: CRC Press LLC. ISBN: 9780429704840. IADS development-oriented literature series. https://www.worldcat.org/title/cassava-new-potential-for-a-neglected-crop/oclc/1109765703
• Coppock, J.D., 1962. International economic instability. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 523-525
• Cuddy, J.D.A., Valle, P.A.D., 1978. Measuring the instability of time series data, Oxford Bulletin and Economic Statistics, 40(1): 53-78.
• Dandekar, V.M., 1980 Introduction, seminar on data and methodology for the study of growth rates in agriculture. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 35(2): 1-12.
• Daniels, A., Udah, A., Elechi, N., Oriuwa, C., Tijani, G., Sanni, A., 2011. Report on cassava value chain analysis in the Niger Delta. Foundation for Partnership Initiatives in the Niger Delta (PIND), 1st Floor St. James Building, 167, Abuja (Nigeria). https://www.ndpifoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Cassava-Value-Chain-Analysis.pdf
• Deosthali, V., Chandrahekkar, M.N., 2004. Rice: Region-wise growth trends in Maharashtra. Economic and Political Weekly, 39 (3): 240-242
• Denning, G., Kabambe, P., Sanchez, P., Malik, A., Flor, R., Harawa, R.,Nkhoma, P., Zamba, C., Banda, C., Magombo, C., Keating, M., Wangila, J., Sachs, J., 2009. Input subsidies to improve smallholder maize productivity in Malawi: Toward an African green revolution. PLoS Biol. 7(1): 2–10, e1000023.
• Dento, F.T., Azogu, I.I., Ukol, M.K., 2004. Cassava based recipes for household utilization and income generation. AIDU, Federal Department of Agriculture, Abuja, Nigeria.
• Devi, Y, L, Arivelarasan T., Kapngaihlian, J., 2017. Pulses production in india: trend and decomposition analysis. Economic Affairs, 62(3): 1-4.
• Eke-Okoro, O.N., Njoku, D.N., 2012. A review of cassava development in Nigeria from 1940-2010. Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science, 7(1):59-65.
• Fakayode S.B, Babatunde R.O., Ajao. R., 2008. Productivity analysis of cassava based production systems in guinea savannah. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research 3 (1):33-39.
• FAO, 2004. Fact sheet no 5 on international year of rice, http://www.rice2004.org/
• FAO, 2005. A review of cassava in Africa with country case studies on Nigeria, Ghana, the United Republic of Tanzania, Uganda and Benin. In Proc. Valid. forum Glob. cassava Dev. Strateg.. Rome: International Fund for Agricultural Development/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.? http://www.fao.org/3/a-a0154e.pdf
• FAO, 2018. Food outlook-biannual report on global food markets-November 2018. Rome. 104 pp. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. http://www.fao.org/3/ca2320en/CA2320EN.pdf
• Federal Department of Agriculture (FDA), 1995. Annual reports on cassava. Federal Department of Agriculture; Federal Ministry of Agriculture Reports. Abuja, Nigeria.
• Fortune Business Insights, 2020. Cassava starch market size, share & industry analysis, By type (native starch, modified starch, and sweeteners), end-use (food & beverages, paper and board, and others), and regional forecasts, 2019-2026. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/enquiry/request-sample-pdf/cassava-starch-market-102415
• Haggblade, S., Djurfeldt, A. A, Nyirenda, D. B., Lodin, J. B., Chiona, M., Chiwona-Karlton, L., Dolislager, M., Jirstrom, M., Kambewa, E., Brimmer, L., Chitundu, M.,
• Cuambe, C., Donovan, C., Droppelmann, K., Kambewa, P., Mahungu, N. M., Mkumbira, J., Mudema, J., Nielson, H., Nyembe, M., Salegua, V. A., Tomo, A., Weber, M., 2012. Cassava commercialization in Southeastern Africa, Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies, 2(1): 1-21.
• Hershey, C., Henry, G., Best, R., Kawano, K., Howeler, R.H., Iglesias, C., 2001. Cassava in Asia: Expanding the competitive edge in diversified markets. A review of cassava in Asia with country case studies on Thailand and Vietnam. Validation Forum on the Global Cassava Development Strategy (2001, Rome, Italy). Proceedings.
• Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO); International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD). Rome, IT.2001.v. 3(2). 1-62.
• Howeler, R., 2006. Cassava in Asia: trends in cassava production, processing and marketing." In Workshop on Partnership in Modern Science to Develop a Strong Cassava Commercial Sector in Africa and Appropriate Varieties by, vol. 2020, pp. 2-6.
• IFAD, 2000. The world cassava economy. Facts, trends and outlook. Rome, FAO.
• IFAD, 2010. Root and Tubers Expansion Programme. Project Report Digestion Digest. https://www.ifad.org/en/web/operations/project/id/1100001016/country/nigeria/ Assessed August, 2020
• Ikuemonisan, E.S., Mafimisebi, T.E., Ajibefun, I., Adenegan, K., 2020. Cassava production in Nigeria: trends, instability and decomposition analysis (1970-2018). Heliyon, 6(10).
• Ikuemonisan, E.S., Akinbola, A.A., 2019. Welfare effects of transportation cost and food price volatility in the context of globalization in Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 13(6): 111-119.
• International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) n.d: Cassava Report https://www.iita.org/cropsnew/cassava/
• Juma, C., 2015. The new harvest: agricultural innovation in Africa. Second edition. ISBN 978–0–19–023723–3 (pbk.: alk. paper). Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
• Kornher, L., Kalkuhl, M., 2013. Food price volatility in developing countries and its determinants. Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture, 52(892-2016-65187), 277-308.
• Market Research Future [MRF], 2020. Cassava market global research report information by category (organic and conventional), form (solid and liquid), application (food & beverages [bakery and confectionary, beverages, dairy and frozen dessert, sweet and savory snacks, and others], animal feed, and others), and region (north america, europe, asia-pacific, and the rest of the world) - forecast till 2024. ID: MRFR/F-B & N/3208-HCR | June 2020 | Region: Global | 110 pages.
• Moledina, Amyaz A., Roe, Terry L., Shane, Mathew., 2004. Measuring commodity price Volatility and the welfare consequences of eliminating volatility. 2004 Annual meeting, August 1-4, Denver, CO 19963, Paper presented at the American Agricultural Economics Association (New Name 2008: Agricultural and Applied Economics Association) Annual meeting on August 1-4, 2004 Denver Colorado. DOI: 10.22004/ag.econ.9963
• Njoku, D.N., Muoneke, C.O., 2008. Effect of cowpea planting density on growth, yield and productivity of component crops in cowpea/cassava intercropping system. Agro-Science, 7(2), 106-113.
• Nwokoro, S. O., Orheruata, A.M., Ordiah, P.I., 2002. Replacement of maize with cassava sievates in cockerel starter diets: effect on performance and carcass characteristics. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 34(2), 163-167.
• Nzeh, E.C., Ugwu, J.N., Ogbodo, C.F., 2017. Analysis of viability of cassava products across selected value chain in Enugu State, Nigeria. Nigerian Agricultural Policy Research Journal (NAPReJ). Agricultural Policy Research Network. 3(1): 60-66.
• Okwulehie, F.C., Opara, H. C., Onimawo, I.A., 2014. Nutrient content of soy fortified Gari. Nigerian Journal of Nutritional Sciences, 35(1), 60-64.
• Ospira-Patino, M.T., Ezedinma, C.I., 2015. Understanding the linkage of urban and rural markets of cassava production in Nigeria. African Journal of Agricultural Research (AJAR) 10(40): 3804-3813.
• Otekunrin, O. A., Sawicka, B., 2019. Cassava, a 21st century staple crop: How can Nigeria harness its enormous trade potentials?, Acta Scientific Agriculture, 3, 194-202.
• Poverty, O., 2017. Nigeria country briefing multidimensional poverty index data bank. OPHI, University of Oxford. Available at: www.ophi.org.uk/multidimensionalpoverty-index/mpi-country-briefings/
• Paltasingh, K.R., Goyari, P., 2013. Analyzing growth and instability in subsistence agriculture of Odisha: Evidence from major crops. Agricultural Economics Research Review, 26: 67-78.
• Parthasarathy, G., 1984, Growth rates and fluctuations of agricultural production: A district-wise analysis in Andhra Pradesh. Economic and Political Weekly, 19 (26): A74 - A84.
• Prakash, A., 2008. Cassava: international market profile. Background Paper for the Competitive Commercial Agriculture in Sub–Saharan Africa (CCAA) Study. Trade and Markets Division. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. https://docplayer.net/20906742-Cassava-international-market-profile.html
• Rambabu, V.S., Md, F., Paul, S.R.K., 2014. Estimating growth rates, decomposition analysis and instability of groundnut crop production in Andhra Pradesh. International Journal of Development Research, 4(1), 81-85.
• Rehman, F.U., Saeed, I., Salam, A., 2011. Estimating growth rates and decomposition analysis of agriculture production in Pakistan: pre and post sap analysis. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27(1), 125-131.
• Sadiq, M.S., Singh, I.P., Karunakaran, N., 2017. Supply response of cereal crop farmers to price and non-price factors in Rajasthan State of Nigeria, Journal of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 3(2): 203-210.
• Sandeep, M.V., Thakare, S.S., Ulemale, D.H., 2016. Decomposition analysis and acreage response of pigeon-pea in Western Vidarbha, Indian Journal of Agricultural Research, 50(5): 461-465.
• Sassi, M., 2014. The welfare cost of maize price volatility in Malawi. Bio-based and Applied Economics 4(1): 77-100.
• Sehkar, C.S.C, Roy, D., Bhatt, Y., 2017. Food inflation and food price volatility in india: trends and determinants. markets, trade and institutions division, International Food Policy Research Institute. IFPRI discussion paper 01640.
• Shadmehri, M.T.A., 2010. Estimating growth rates and decomposition analysis of agricultural production in Iran (1970-2000). Trends in Agricultural Economics, 3(2), 107-119.
• Singh, N., Dikshit, A. K., Reddy, B. S., Kuthe, S. B., 2014. Instability in rice production in Gujarat: A decomposition analysis. Asian Journal of Economics and Empirical Research, 1(1), 6-9.
• Spencer, D.S., Leone, S., 2017. Cassava cultivation in sub-Saharan Africa Chuma Ezedinma, UNIDO, Nigeria. In Achieving sustainable cultivation of cassava, 1: 141-157.
• Stephen, K.O., 2017. Tropical root and tuber crops. Advances in New Crops Relieved 26th July. https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1990/v1-424.html. Accessed August, 2020.
• Sulewski, P., Kłoczko-Gajewska, A., 2014. Farmers’ risk perception, risk aversion and strategies to cope with production risk: an empirical study from Poland. Studies in Agricultural Economics, 116(3), 140-147.
• Tadele, Z., Assefa, K., 2012. Increasing food production in Africa by boosting the productivity of understudied crops. Agronomy, 2(4), 240-283.
• Technical for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), 2005. Cooperation for Agricultural Development in ACP Countries. Spore, issue 118. Wageningen: CTA. August, 2005.https://hdl.handle.net/10568/99623
• Tonukari, N. J., 2004. Cassava and the future of starch. Electronic journal of biotechnology, 7(1), 5-8.