The Function of Working Memory on the Writing Process in Foreign Language

Öz

Instructional design for text production in both native and foreign languages should be structured in a way to ensure the perception of linguistic-grammatical structures, the transition from controlled processing to automatic processing, and from declarative knowledge to procedural knowledge. At this point, determining how the units forming the cognitive system (structure) process the linguistic-grammatical data of the target language is important in terms of the quality of instructional design and skill development. The realization of cognitive tasks requires the formation of the mental representations required to fulfil these tasks and keeping these representations active during the task. The management and organization of the information resources needed for the formation of mental representations is performed by working memory. From this point of view, this study aims to describe the tasks undertaken by working memory, one of the important elements of cognitive structure in the process of writing in a foreign language, and whether there is a difference in terms of the working system of working memory in the process of writing in the first and second language based on the findings obtained from the studies conducted on this subject. In this direction, firstly, the writing process, writing in a foreign language and the structure of the working memory system were emphasized, and in the next stage, the tasks undertaken by the working memory system in the process of writing in a foreign language were discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Writing
• Writing in foreign language
• Cognitive structure
• Working memory

Yabancı Dilde Yazma Sürecinde İşler Belleğin Görevi

Öz

Gerek anadilde gerekse yabancı dilde metin üretimi için öğretim tasarımının; dilsel-dilbilgisel yapıların algılanmasını, kontrollü işlemlemeden otomatik işlemlemeye, bildirimsel bilgiden, işlemsel bilgiye geçişi sağlayacak biçimde yapılandırılması gerekir. Bu noktada bilişsel sistemi (yapıyı) oluşturan birimlerin, hedef dile ilişkin dilsel-dilbilgisel veriyi nasıl işlediğinin belirlenmesi, öğretim tasarımının niteliği ve beceri gelişimi açısından önemlidir. Bilişsel görevlerin gerçekleşmesi, bu görevleri yerine getirmek için gereken zihinsel temsillerin oluşumunu ve oluşan temsillerin görev süresince aktif kalmasını gerektirir. Zihinsel temsillerin oluşumu için ihtiyaç duyulan bilgi kaynaklarının yönetimi ve düzenlenmesi işler bellek tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Bu zeminden hareketle çalışmada bilişsel yapının önemli unsurlarından işler belleğin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlendiği görevlerin neler olduğu, birinci-ikinci dilde yazma sürecinde işler belleğin çalışma sistematiği açısından farklılaşma olup olmadığı bu konuda yapılmış çalışmalardan elde edilen bulgulardan hareketle betimlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle yazma süreci ve yabancı dilde yazma ile işler bellek sisteminin yapısı üzerinde durulmuş, sonraki aşamada ise işler bellek sisteminin yabancı dilde yazma sürecinde üstlenmiş olduğu görevler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yazma
• Yabancı dilde yazma
• Bilişsel yapı
• İşler bellek

Kaynakça

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