THE SATISFACTION OF BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS AND SUBJECTIVE WELLBEING OF TEACHER CANDIDATES

Öz

The aim of this research was to compare university students’ subjective well-being and satisfaction level of psychological needs according to gender to and investigate the relationship between subjective well-being and satisfaction level of basic psychological needs. 240 university students participated in this research. There was no significant difference between subjective well-being, autonomy and competence needs satisfaction level of the students by gender. But there is significant difference about relatedness needs level for the women. It was find out that satisfaction of basic psychological needs was a significant predictor of wellbeing.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Basic psychological needs, needs satisfaction, subjective wellbeing

ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARINDA TEMEL PSİKOLOJİK İHTİYAÇLARIN DOYUMU VE İYİ OLMA

Öz

Araştırmanın amacı; öğretmen adaylarının öznel iyi olma ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının doyurulma düzeylerini cinsiyet değişkeni açısından karşılaştırmak ve öznel iyi olma ile temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Araştırmada 240 son sınıf öğrencisine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada öğrencilerin öznel iyi olma düzeyleri cinsiyete göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Özerklik ve yeterlik ihtiyaçlarının doyumu cinsiyet açısından anlamlı bir farklılık göstermezken, ilişkili olma ihtiyacının doyumu kızların lehine anlamlı bir farklılık göstermiştir. Araştırmada temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların doyumunun, iyi olmanın önemli bir yordayıcısı olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar, ihtiyaç doyumu, öznel iyi olma

Kaynakça

1. Andersen, S. (2000). Fundamental human needs: making social cognition relevant. Psychological Inquiry, 11 (4), 269-276.
2. Bacanlı, H., Çankaya-Cihangir, Z. (2003). İhtiyaç doyum ölçeği uyarlama çalışması. VII. Ulusal Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Kongresine Sunulmuş Bildiri.
3. Basabe, M., Thomson,T., Davidson, J. (2003). Cultural dimension, socioeconomics development, climate and emotional hedonic level. Cognition And Emotion, 16(1), 103-125.
4. Baymur, F. (1994). Genel psikoloji. İstanbul: İnkilap Kitabevi.
5. Buunk, B., Nauta, A. (2000). Why intraindividual needs are not enough motivation is primarıly social, Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 279-284.
6. Chirkov, V., Ryan, R. (2001). Parent and teacher autonomy-support in russıan and u.s. adolescents. Journal Of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32(5), 618-635.
7. Cihangir-Çankaya, Z. (2005). Öz-belirleme modeli: özerklik desteği, ihtiyaç doyumu, iyi olma. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, G.Ü. Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
8. Connell, J. (1986). Emotion and social ınteraction in the strange situation: consistencies and asymetric ınfluences in the second year. Child Development, 57(3), 733-746.

9. David, J., Green, P. Martin, S., Suls, C. (1997). Differential roles of neuroticism, extraversion and event desirability for mood in daily life: an integrative model of top-down and bottom-up ınfluences. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 73, 149-159.
10. Deci, E., Ryan, R. (1985a). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
11. Deci E., Ryan, R. (1985b). The general causality orientations scale: self determination in personality. Journal Of Research İn Personality, 19, 109- 134.
12. Deci E., Ryan, R., (1987). The support of autonomy and the control of behavior. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 53(6), 1024-1037.
13. Deci, E., Ryan, R. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuıts: human needs and the self-determination of behaviour. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227-269.
14. Deci, E., Ryan, R., Gagne, M., Lronr, D., Usunov, J., Kornazheva, B. (2001). Need satisfaction, motivation and well-being in the work organizasions of a former esatern bloc country: a cross-cultural study of self determination. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(8), 930-942.
15. Deci, E., Ryan, R. (2002). Self-Determination Theory. İnternetten 08 Şubat 2002’de elde edilmiştir. Http://Psych.Rochester.Edu/Sdt/Theory.Html
16. Deneve, K., Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality a meta analysis of personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197-229.
17. Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Larsen, R. J. (1985). Age and sex effects for emotional intensity. Developmental Psychology, 21, 542-548
18. Diener, E., Suh, E., Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41.
19. Diener, E., Suh, E., Lucas, E. (1999). Subjective well-being: three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276-302.
20. Diener, E., Oishi, E., Lucas, E. (2003). Personality, culture and subjective well- being: emotional and cognitive evaluations of life. Annual Review Of Psychology. 54, 403-425.
21. Fromm, E. (1994). Özgürlükten kaçış. Ankara: Öteki Yayınları.
22. Fujita, F., Diener, E., Sandvik, E. (1991). Gender differences in dysphoria and well- being: the case for emotional intensity. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 61, 427-434.
23. Ginsburg, G., Bronstein, P. (1993). Family factors related to children’s ınteresting / extrinsic motivational orientation and academic performance. Child Development, 64, 1461-1474.
24. Glasser,W. (1965). Reality therapy. New York: Harper & Row Publisher.
25. Glasser,W. (1992). The quality school: managing students without coercion. New York : Harperperennial,
26. Greeley, A.T., Tinsley, H. A. (1998). autonomoy and intimacy development in college srudents: sex differences and predictors. Journal Of College Student Development, 29, 512-520.
27. Hall, C., Lindzey (1985). Introduction to theories of personality. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
28. Harvey, V.S., Retter, K. (2002). Variation of gender differences between children and adolsecents on the four basic psychological needs. İnternational Journal Of Reality Therapy, 21(2), 33-36.
29. Inglewed, D., Markland, D., Sheppard, K. (2004). Personality and self-determination of exercise behaviour. Personality And Individual Differences, 36, 1921- 1932.
30. Kasser, T., Ryan, R. (1993). A dark side of the american dream: correlates of financial success as a central life aspiration. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 65(2), 410-422.
31. Kasser, T., Ryan, R. (1999). The relations of psychological needs for autonomy and relatedness to vitality, well- being and mortality in a nursing home. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 29(5), 935-954.
32. Kowal, J., Fortier, M. (1999). Motivational determinants of flow: contrıbutions from self-determination theory. Journal Of Social Psychology, 139(3), 355-369.
33. La Guardia, Ryan, R., Couchman, C., Deci, E. (2000). Within-person variation a security of attachment: a self – determination theory perspective on attachment, need fullfillment and well – being. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 79(3), 367-384.
34. Lang-Takac, E., Osterweil, Z. (1992). Separateness and connectedness: differences between the genders. Sex Roles, 27, 277-289.
35. Liwei, Z., Jin-Pang, L. (2002). Moderating effects of gender and age on the relationship between self-esteem and life satisfaction in mainland Chinese. International Journal Of Psychology, 37(2), 83–91.
36. Maslow, A. (1968). Toward a psychology of being. Princeton, N.J., Van Nostrand.
37. Morgan, C. (1984). Psikolojiye giriş. (Çev. Hüsnü Arıcı ve Ark.) Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Psikoloji Bölümü Yayınları.
38. Myers, D. ve Diener, A. (1995). Who is happy?. Psychological Science, 6(1), 10-20.
39. Öztürk, O. (2001). Ruh sağlığı ve bozuklukları. Ankara: Hekimler Yayın Birliği.
40. Reis, H., Sheldon, K., Gable, S., Roscoe, J., Ryan, R. (2000). Daily well-being: the role of autonomy, competence and relatedness. Personality And Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419-435.
41. Ryan, R. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of ıntegrative processess. Journal Of Personality, 63 (3), 397-428.
42. Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2000a). Self–determination theory and the facilitation of ıntrinsic motivation, social development and well- being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78.
43. Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2000b). The darker and brighter sides of human existence: basic psychological needs as a unifying concept. Psychological Inquiıry, 11(4), 319-338.
44. Schimmack, U., Radhakrishnan,P., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., Ahadi, S. (2002). Culture, personality ve subjective well-being ıntegrating process models of lıfe satisfaction. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 82(4), 582- 593.
45. Schultz, D., Schultz, S. (1997). Theories of personality. Pacific Grove : Brooks/Cole Pub.
46. Sheldon, K., Kasser. (1995). Coherence and congruence:two aspects of personality integration. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 68, 531-543.
47. Sheldon, K., Eliot, A. (1999). Goal striving, need satisfaction and longitudinal well- being: the self-concordance model. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 76(3), 482-497.
48. Tuzgöl, M. (2004) . Üniversite öğrencilerinin öznel iyi oluş düzeyleri. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, H.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.
49. Williams, G., Grow, V., Freedman, Z., Ryan, R., Deci, E. (1996). Motivational predictors of weight loss and weight-loss maintenance. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 70(1), 115-126.
50. Williams, G., Saizow, R., Ryan, R. (1999). The importance of self-determination theory for medical education. Academic Medicine, 74(9), 992-995.
51. Williams, G., Cox, E., Hedberg, V., Deci, E. (2000). Extrinsic life goals and health_risk behaviours in adolescents. Journal Of Applied Social Psychology, 30 (8), 1756-1771.
52. Williams, G., Minicucci,D., Koudıes,R., Levesque, C., Chirkov, V., Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2001). Self determination, smoking, diet and health.. Health Education Research. 17(5), 512-521.
53. Williams, G., Gagne,M., Ryan, R., Deci, E. (2002). Facilitating autonomous motivation for smoking cessation. Health Psychology, 21(1), 40-50.
54. Wood, W., Rhodes, N., Whelan, M. (1989). Sex differences in positive well-being: A consideration of emotional style and marital status. Psychological Bulletin, 106(2), 249-264.
55. Yaşın-Dökmen, Z. (2004). Toplumsal cinsiyet. İstanbul: Sistem Yayıncılık.
56. Yetim, Ü. (2001). Toplumdan bireye mutluluk resimleri. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.