Araştırma Makalesi

Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey

Cilt: 24 Sayı: 74 22 Aralık 2025
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Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey

Öz

Aim: Written assessment methods are widely used to assess clinical reasoning in undergraduate health professions education, yet little is known about the specific approaches used and educators’ needs. Although automatic question generation, especially AI-based, offers promising efficiency gains, the extent of its application in clinical reasoning assessment remains unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the needs for written clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation in undergraduate health professions education. Methods: An international web-based survey was conducted between February and June 2024. Participants were health professions educators knowledgeable about written assessment methods in their programs. The survey covered current practices, perceived importance, barriers, and needs related to written clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation. Parametric and non-parametric statistical tests were used for the analysis. Results: 51 programs from 33 countries participated. Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) were the most widely used method (100% of programs). Short-answer questions were perceived as most important for both formative and summative assessment. Main barriers in using the written assessment methods were lack of know-how (81.6%) and insufficient time (79.6%). “Differential diagnosis” and “management and treatment” were the most commonly assessed clinical reasoning components, while ethical aspects, patient perspective, and interprofessional collaboration were the least assessed. Only 58.1% of programs provide feedback on MCQ results to students, with varying levels of detail. Awareness and use of automatic question generation methods were low, both for template-based and non-template-based (artificial intelligence) methods. Educators showed willingness to participate in training on assessment methods and automatic question generation. Conclusion: While MCQs are ubiquitous, there is recognition of the importance of other methods such as short-answer questions. Significant barriers exist in benefiting from various assessment methods. There is a clear need for faculty development and greater awareness of innovative solutions, such as automatic question generation to enhance efficiency of assessment practices in medical schools.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

TÜBİTAK

Etik Beyan

Gazi University Institutional Review Board approved the study on January 11, 2024 (code: 2024 – 56).

Kaynakça

  1. 1. Huesmann L, Sudacka M, Durning SJ, Georg C, Huwendiek S, Kononowicz AA, et al. Clinical reasoning: What do nurses, physicians, and students reason about. J Interprof Care. 2023 Nov 2;37(6):990–8.
  2. 2. Schuwirth LWT, Durning SJ, King SM. Assessment of clinical reasoning: three evolutions of thought. Diagnosis. 2020 Aug 27;7(3):191–6.
  3. 3. Elvén M, Welin E, Wiegleb Edström D, Petreski T, Szopa M, Durning SJ, et al. Clinical Reasoning Curricula in Health Professions Education: A Scoping Review. J Med Educ Curric Dev. 2023 Jan;10:23821205231209093.
  4. 4. Gupta S, Jackson JM, Appel JL, Ovitsh RK, Oza SK, Pinto-Powell R, et al. Perspectives on the current state of pre-clerkship clinical reasoning instruction in United States medical schools: a survey of clinical skills course directors. Diagnosis. 2022 Feb 1;9(1):59–68.
  5. 5. Kononowicz AA, Hege I, Edelbring S, Sobocan M, Huwendiek S, Durning SJ. The need for longitudinal clinical reasoning teaching and assessment: Results of an international survey. Med Teach. 2020 Apr 2;42(4):457–62.
  6. 6. Rencic J, Trowbridge RL, Fagan M, Szauter K, Durning S. Clinical Reasoning Education at US Medical Schools: Results from a National Survey of Internal Medicine Clerkship Directors. J Gen Intern Med. 2017 Nov;32(11):1242–6.
  7. 7. Daniel M, Rencic J, Durning SJ, Holmboe E, Santen SA, Lang V, et al. Clinical Reasoning Assessment Methods: A Scoping Review and Practical Guidance. Acad Med. 2019 Jun;94(6):902–12.
  8. 8. Lang V, Schuwirth L, Durning SJ, Rencic JJ. Assessment of Clinical Reasoning. In: Teaching Clinical Reasoning. American College of Physicians; 2015. p. 117–54.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Tıp Eğitimi

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

22 Aralık 2025

Gönderilme Tarihi

28 Nisan 2025

Kabul Tarihi

1 Temmuz 2025

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2025 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 74

Kaynak Göster

APA
Kıyak, Y. S., Durning, S., Huwendiek, S., Wagner, F. L., & Kononowicz, A. (2025). Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, 24(74), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1681816
AMA
1.Kıyak YS, Durning S, Huwendiek S, Wagner FL, Kononowicz A. Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey. TED. 2025;24(74):73-84. doi:10.25282/ted.1681816
Chicago
Kıyak, Yavuz Selim, Steven Durning, Sören Huwendiek, Felicitas Lony Wagner, ve Andrzej Kononowicz. 2025. “Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 24 (74): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1681816.
EndNote
Kıyak YS, Durning S, Huwendiek S, Wagner FL, Kononowicz A (01 Aralık 2025) Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 24 74 73–84.
IEEE
[1]Y. S. Kıyak, S. Durning, S. Huwendiek, F. L. Wagner, ve A. Kononowicz, “Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey”, TED, c. 24, sy 74, ss. 73–84, Ara. 2025, doi: 10.25282/ted.1681816.
ISNAD
Kıyak, Yavuz Selim - Durning, Steven - Huwendiek, Sören - Wagner, Felicitas Lony - Kononowicz, Andrzej. “Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası 24/74 (01 Aralık 2025): 73-84. https://doi.org/10.25282/ted.1681816.
JAMA
1.Kıyak YS, Durning S, Huwendiek S, Wagner FL, Kononowicz A. Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey. TED. 2025;24:73–84.
MLA
Kıyak, Yavuz Selim, vd. “Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey”. Tıp Eğitimi Dünyası, c. 24, sy 74, Aralık 2025, ss. 73-84, doi:10.25282/ted.1681816.
Vancouver
1.Yavuz Selim Kıyak, Steven Durning, Sören Huwendiek, Felicitas Lony Wagner, Andrzej Kononowicz. Needs for clinical reasoning assessment methods and automatic question generation: An international survey. TED. 01 Aralık 2025;24(74):73-84. doi:10.25282/ted.1681816