Malcolm Shepherd Knowles ve Erişkin Eğitimi

Öz

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles yirminci yüzyılın ikinci yarısında erişkin eğitimi konusunda önemli bir isimdir. Erişkin eğitimi ve erişkin eğitimi tarihi konusunda ilk yazıları o kaleme almıştır. Malcolm Knowles erişkin eğitimi ve öğrenimi konusunda kavramsal bir temel geliştirmeye çalışmış, biçimlendirdiği ‘andragoji’ terimi sıkça tartışılmış ve kullanılmıştır. Çalışmalarında eğitimcilerin doğrudan bilgi aktarıcı rollerinden sıyrılarak daha çok öğrenmeyi öğretmeleri ilkesini savunmuştur. Bu derlemede bu yazarın düşüncelerini özetlemeye çalıştık ve “Yaşam Boyu öğrenim: bir düş” adlı yazısını Türkçe olarak sunuyoruz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Malcolm Knowles, Andragoji, Kendi kendine öğrenim

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles And Adult Education

Öz

Malcolm Shepherd Knowles was perhaps the central figure in the United States on adult education in the second half of the twentieth century. He wrote the first major accounts of informal adult education and the history of adult education in the United States. He attempted to develop a conceptual basis for adult education and learning. The notion of andragogy which he shaped was widely discussed and used. In his work he prompted the idea of reorienting the adult educators from a direct knowledge provider role to one of an educator who is a teacher on how to learn. In this review we tried to summarize Knowles’ ideas about informal adult education, andragogy and selfdirection. Also we present the translation of his article entitled ‘Lifelong learning: A dream’.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Malcolm Knowles, Andragogy, Self-learning

Kaynakça

1. ) Smith, M, K (2002)’Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and andragogy’, the encyclopedia of informal education, www.infred.org/thinkers/et-knowl.htm. Last updated January 30,2005
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6. ) Calsonv R. (1989) Malcolm Knowles: Apostle of Andragogy. http://www.nl.edu/academics/cas/ace/resources/malcolmknowles.cfm Last updated: September 22, 2003 Schugurensky D. (2002). History of education. Selected moments in 20th century. the history. 1970, Malcolm Knowles publishes The Modern Practice of Adult Education: Andragogy versus. Pedagogy. http://fcis.oise.utoronto.ca/~daniel_schugurensky/assignment1/1970knowles.html Last updated : April 29, 2001
7. ) Shysh A J. Adult learning principles: You can teach an old dog new tricks. Can J Anesth. 200; 47:837-842
8. ) Cooper S. (2005). Andragogy. Malcolm Knowles. http://www.konnections.net/lifecircles/knowles.htm

9. ) Fidishun D.(2004) Andragogy and Technology. Integrating adult learning theory. As we teach with technology. http://www.ettc.net/tech/adultlearning/Andragogy and Technology.pdf
10. ) Tight M. Critical Perspectives on Management Learning: A view from adult continuing/lifelong education. management Learning 2000; 31:103-119
11. ) Clair R (2002): Andragogy revisited: theory for the 21st century? http://www.cete.org/acve/docs/mr00034.pdf
12. ) Knowles M. Lifelong learning: A dream. Perspectives on the future. http://www.newhorizons.org/future/Creating_the_Future/crfut_knowles.html.