An Investigation of the Attitudes of the Students and the Physicians in Istanbul Medical Faculty about Medicine Using Semantic Differential Scale

Yıl 2008, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 28, 37 - 45, 01.02.2008

Güler Bahadır Nuray Özgülnar Nihan Kantarcıoğlu Pınar Ay

Öz

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes of both medical students and physicians concerning the “ideal physician”, “themselves” and the “patients” in Istanbul School of Medicine. Methods: Attitudes were determined by Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale. 948 students and 255 physicians agreed to participate in the study. Results: For the characteristics of the “ideal physician”, “themselves” and the “patients”, the most common item indicated both by the students and the physicians was “honest”. Professors considered themselves as the most serious; the students rated themselves similar to the patients as being less serious. Conclusion: These findings, which were similar with previous studies conducted in different cultures, suggest that the attitudes of the medical students and the physicians are similar and might be independent from the factors of time and place. It is important to understand the attitudes and behaviors, which shape future behaviors of physicians, in medical schools.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osgood’s Semantic Differential Scale, medical student attitudes, physician attitudes

İSTANBUL TIP FAKÜLTESİ ÖĞRENCİ VE HEKİMLERİNİN TIPLA İLGİLİ TUTUMLARININ DUYGUSAL ANLAM ÖLÇEĞİ KULLANILARAK İNCELENMESİ

Öz

Amaç: Araştırmanın amacı İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi’nin birinci, dördüncü, altıncı sınıf öğrencileri, tıpta uzmanlık öğrencisi (asistan) ve öğretim üyelerinin “ideal bir hekim”, “kendileri” ve “hastalar” hakkındaki değer ve tutumlarının belirlenmesi ve mesleki gelişim, değişim sürecinde değişip değişmediğinin araştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tutumları belirlerken Osgood Duygusal Anlam Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmaya 255 hekim ve 948 öğrenci katılmayı kabul etmiştir. Bulgular: Gerek hekimlerde gerekse öğrencilerde ideal hekim, kendileri ve hastalarla ilgili en sık belirtilen sıfat dürüstlüktür. Kendilerini ve ideal hekimi daha ciddi değerlendirirken hastaları daha az ciddi olarak değerlendirmektedirler. Sonuç: Bulgularımız daha önce ülkemizde ve farklı kültürlerde yapılan çalışmalardaki öğrenci ve hekimlerin tutumları ile benzerdir. Bu bulgu tutumların yer ve zamandan bağımsız olduğu şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Hekimlerin tıp fakültesinde şekillenen tutum ve davranışlarını belirlemek önem kazanmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Osgood Duygusal Anlam Ölçeği, tıp öğrencisi tutumları, hekim tutumları

Kaynakça

• Kasapoğlu MA. Sağlık sosyolojisi Türkiye’den araştırmalar. Ankara: Sosyoloji Derneği Yayınları VI, 1999.
• Barzansky B, Sımon FA,Brotherton SE. The fourth-year medical curriculum: has anything changed in 20 Years? Academic Medicine 2001;76(10 suppl):36–38.
• Haidet P, Kelly P, Chou C. Characterizing the patientcenteredness of hidden curricula in medical schools: development and validation of a new measure. Academic Medicine 2005;80:44–50.
• Hjelle LA, Ziegler DJ. Albert Bandura: A social learning theory of personality. In Personality Theories, Basic Assumptions, Research and Application. Tokyo: Mc Graw Hill Kogakusha Ltd;1981.
• Arkonaç S. Sosyal psikoloji. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları, 2001.
• Ajzen I. Attitudes. In: R. Fernandez Ballesteros (Ed.), Encyclopedia of psychological assessment, London:Sage Publications;2002.
• Osgood CE, Suci GJ,Tannenbaum PH. Attitude measurement. In: Summers G. (Eds.). Attitude measurement. London :Kershaw Publishing Company;1977.
• Rowell JA, Schultz R F. Attitudes and attitude change of indigenous teacher trainees in Papua New Guinea. International Journal of Psychology 1977;12(4):261-275.
• Hunt DD, Fenichel G, Baker V, Featherstone HJ. Contrasts in the professional identities of psychiatrists and internists. Academic Medicine 1984; 59: 894-899.
• Bowles C. Measure of attitude toward menopause using the semantic differential model. Nursing Research 1986; 35(2):81-85
• Hsu SH, Chuang MC, Chang CC. A semantic differential study of designers' and users' product form perception, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2000;25(4):375-391.
• Carrothers RM, Gregory SWJr, Gallagher TJ. Measuring emotional ntelligence of medical school applicants. Academic Medicine 2002;77: 336-343.
• Franck AL, Jackson RA, Pimentel JT, Greenwood SG. School-age children's perceptions of a person who stutters, Journal of Fluency Disorders 2003; 28(1):1-15 .
• Christensen A, Eldridge K, Catta-Preta AB, Lim VR, Santagata R. Cross-cultural consistency of the demand/withdraw interaction pattern in couples, Journal of Marriage and Family 2006;68: 1029–1044.
• Cüceloğlu D. Türkçe sıfatlar üzerine bir deneme. Hacettepe Sosyal & Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 1971;3:79-87.
• Cüceloğlu D. Duygusal anlam sistemi üzerinde kültürler arası bir çalışma: I. Ölçme tekniği ve ölçeklerin geliştirilmesi. Hacettepe Sosyal & Beşeri Bilimler Dergisi 1972; 4: 98-113.
• İmamoğlu Ç. Complexity, liking and familiarity: Architecture and non-architecture Turkish students' assessments of traditional and modern house facades. Journal of Environmental Psychology 2000;20(1):5-16.
• Akdoğan MŞ, Güllü K, Babayiğit S. Tüketicilerin süpermarketleri algılamalarına yönelik bir çalışma, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi Sayı 2005;2: 37-70 .
• Carter RF, Lee Ruggels W, Chaffee SH. The semantic differential in opinion measurement. Public Opinion Quarterly 1969; 32: 666 - 674.
• Dolch N. Attitude measurement by semantic differential on a bipolar scale. The Journal of Psychology 1980; 105:151-154.
• Landon EL. Order bias, the ıdeal rating and the semantic differential. Journal of Marketing Research 1971; 8:375-378.
• Christie R, Metron RK. (1958). Procedures for the sociological study of values climate of the medical schools, ecology of medical student. Association of American Medical Colleges, Evanston Inc. İçinde: Kasapoğlu MA. Sağlık Sosyolojisi Türkiye’den Araştırmalar. Ankara :Sosyoloji Derneği Yayınları VI;1999.
• Martini TS, Dion KL. Developmental expectations of personal change for the self and others. Basic and Applied Social Psychology 2001; 23: 21-28.
• Yolsal N, Bulut A, Karabey S, Ortayli N, Bahadir G, Aydin Z. Development of training of trainers programmes and evaluation of their effectiveness in İstanbul, Turkey. Medical Teacher 2003;25 (3):319-324.
• Haidet P, Dains JE, Paterniti DA, Chang T, Tseng E, Rogers JC. Medical students’ attitudes toward patient- centered care and standardized patients’ perceptions of humanism: a link between attitudes and outcomes. Academic Medicine 2001;76(10 suppl):42– 44.
• Tsimtsiou Z, Kerasidou O, Efstathiou N, Papaharitou S, Hatzimouratidis K, Hatzichristou D. Medical students’ attitudes toward patient-centred care: a longitudinal survey, Medical Education 2007; 41: 146–153.